Provided herein are a controllable liquid transport material, a controllable liquid transport system and a method for preparing a controllable liquid transport material, where a first region of the controllable liquid transport material is treated to be hydrophobic, while a plurality of second regions partially contacted or completely separated with different shapes are treated to have a gradient or varied wettabilities and/or pore sizes for passively controllable liquid transport, and/or integrated with a smart material for actively controllable liquid transport driven by an external force, allowing efficiently and controllably directional transport of a liquid e.g., sweat. The controllable liquid transport system comprises a controllable liquid transport material used as a liquid transport layer and a breathable, waterproof protective layer.

Provided herein are a controllable liquid transport material, a controllable liquid transport system and a method for preparing a controllable liquid transport material, where a first region of the controllable liquid transport material is treated to be hydrophobic, while a plurality of second regions partially contacted or completely separated with different shapes are treated to have a gradient or varied wettabilities and/or pore sizes for passively controllable liquid transport, and/or integrated with a smart material for actively controllable liquid transport driven by an external force, allowing efficiently and controllably directional transport of a liquid e.g., sweat. The controllable liquid transport system comprises a controllable liquid transport material used as a liquid transport layer and a breathable, waterproof protective layer.

In general, coated fibers, methods of bonding a coating to fibers, and composite materials prepared from coated fibers are provided. The coated fiber is created with a surface that is compatible with and bonds to the polymer resin used in composite materials. In another aspect, the coating may exhibit additional functionality, such as water repellency, fire resistance, or odor control. More specifically an atmospheric pressure plasma process is applied to the fibers to bond coating materials to the fiber surface and to cure the coating surrounding the fiber surface. Optionally, radiation is used in the process to cure the coating. Finally, composite materials and parts may be made from the coated fibers that exhibit high strength and improved mechanical properties over composites made with uncoated fibers. Alternatively, a natural fiber reinforced composite material is made from coated natural fibers that has improved mechanical properties and decreased water absorption.

In general, coated fibers, methods of bonding a coating to fibers, and composite materials prepared from coated fibers are provided. The coated fiber is created with a surface that is compatible with and bonds to the polymer resin used in composite materials. In another aspect, the coating may exhibit additional functionality, such as water repellency, fire resistance, or odor control. More specifically an atmospheric pressure plasma process is applied to the fibers to bond coating materials to the fiber surface and to cure the coating surrounding the fiber surface. Optionally, radiation is used in the process to cure the coating. Finally, composite materials and parts may be made from the coated fibers that exhibit high strength and improved mechanical properties over composites made with uncoated fibers. Alternatively, a natural fiber reinforced composite material is made from coated natural fibers that has improved mechanical properties and decreased water absorption.

A water repellent fibrous substrate comprising a cured hydrophobic coating layer located on the fibrous substrate; and a hydrophobic plasma polymer coating layer located on the hydrophobic coating layer. The hydrophobic plasma polymer layer may be used to protect the cured hydrophobic coating layer on said fibrous substrate from abrasion or general wear.

A water repellent fibrous substrate comprising a cured hydrophobic coating layer located on the fibrous substrate; and a hydrophobic plasma polymer coating layer located on the hydrophobic coating layer. The hydrophobic plasma polymer layer may be used to protect the cured hydrophobic coating layer on said fibrous substrate from abrasion or general wear.

The present disclosure discloses an atmospheric-pressure plasma equipment for fabric functional finishing and its application, and belongs to the field of textile printing and dyeing engineering. The atmospheric-pressure plasma equipment, including a discharging system, a grafting instrument and a cloth guider, can conduct continuous plasma treatment on fabrics under an atmospheric pressure, including plasma etching and plasma grafting, which breaks through the disadvantage of batch processing of vacuum plasma equipment. The equipment and method of the present disclosure realize functional finishing of the fabrics in the absence of water, and this finishing process is cost efficient, environmentally friendly, uniform, shorter treatment time and higher reactivity, and applicable to many materials and can keep the bulk properties of the treated substances.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing grafted copolymers of lignin and/or cellulose, comprising the generation of macroradicals in situ by mechanical impact on the backbone of said lignin and/or cellulose of said lignin and/or cellulose containing material and grafting monomers and/or polymers to said backbone. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the grafted copolymers obtainable by said method, composite materials comprising said copolymers as well as to uses thereof.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing grafted copolymers of lignin and/or cellulose, comprising the generation of macroradicals in situ by mechanical impact on the backbone of said lignin and/or cellulose of said lignin and/or cellulose containing material and grafting monomers and/or polymers to said backbone. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the grafted copolymers obtainable by said method, composite materials comprising said copolymers as well as to uses thereof.

Functional agent-containing fibers according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a functional agent is supported by silicone fixed to the fibers. The silicone includes an acrylic-modified organopolysiloxane having two or more acrylic groups per molecule. A rate of decrease in the functional agent after the functional agent-containing fibers are washed 10 times is less than 40%. In the present invention, the functional agent-containing fibers may be produced, e.g., by irradiating fibers impregnated with a fiber treatment agent A containing silicone with an electron beam so that the silicone is fixed to the fibers, and impregnating the fibers to which the silicone has been fixed with a fiber treatment agent B containing a functional agent. The functional agent-containing fibers may be produced, e.g., by impregnating fibers with a fiber treatment agent C containing silicone and a functional agent and irradiating the fibers impregnated with the fiber treatment agent C with an electron beam so that the silicone is fixed to the fibers and the functional agent is supported by the silicone fixed to the fibers. Thus, functional agent-containing fibers having improved washing resistance and a method for producing the fibers are provided.