A method of applying fragrance to a fabric substrate includes bleaching a cotton fabric substrate, mercerizing the cotton fabric substrate, and preparing the cotton fabric substrate for dyeing. The method includes making a foam containing a bonding material made of an acrylic polymer or a carboxylated, heat-reactive, styrene-acrylic copolymer, a surfactant, water, and microcapsules of a fragrant material in a ratio of about 40% bonding material, about 2% surfactant, about 45% water, and about 13% microcapsules of a fragrant material. The cotton fabric substrate is passed through a foam applicator where the foam is applied to the cotton fabric substrate using a top applicator of a foaming machine to apply the foam to a face of the fabric substrate in a wet-pickup range of 25% to 10%.

A skin material includes: a design layer; and a base cloth layer. The design layer includes a surface layer and a foam layer. The base cloth layer includes a surface fabric and a back fabric, and a binding yarn that binds the surface fabric and the back fabric. The binding yarn is a thermoplastic resin fiber erected between the surface fabric and the back fabric to form a gap between the surface fabric and the back fabric. The foam layer and the surface fabric are joined. An interior material includes the skin material and a base material to which the skin material is attached. A method for producing the skin material includes joining the surface layer and the base cloth layer via a foamable adhesive to serve as the foam layer.

An aqueous polyurethane dispersion includes particles of polyurethane in water, wherein the polyurethane is derived from an organic diisocyanate, a hydrophilic monomer, a neutralizer, a chain extender, and a polyester resin, the polyester resin being a random copolymer having randomly distributed subunits of formula 1: ##STR00001##
where: R is ethylene, octylene, or decylene, a is from about 40 to about 100 mole % of the polyester resin, b is from 0 to about 30 mole % of the polyester resin, c is from 0 to about 30 mole % of the polyester resin, and a+b+c=100 mole % of the polyester resin.

One or more embodiments of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a coating or layer on a substrate, in which process a mixture comprising one or more polyurethane dispersions, one or more flame retardants, which can be halogen-based or halogen-free, one or more foam stabilizers and optionally one or more crosslinkers is mechanically foamed and then applied on a substrate as a foam, optionally followed by adding flocking fibres, and subsequently dried, wherein the foam has flame retardant properties and remains present as a stable pressure resistant dried foam.

A skin material includes a loop pile fabric including fibers including polyester fibers, and an adhesive layer and a skin layer, which are disposed, in this order, on a surface of the loop pile fabric at a side at which pile yarns are provided, in which at least top parts of the pile yarns are located in the adhesive layer, and a gap is formed between a ground structure of the loop pile fabric and the adhesive layer.

The use of polyamine- and/or polyalkanolamine-based carboxylic acid derivatives as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

The present invention relates to a coated fabric for an air bag obtained by applying an elastomer resin onto at least one side of a woven fabric made from synthetic fiber. The applied amount of the elastomer resin is 25 to 60 g/m.sup.2. The average resin thickness on warp and weft at head top of the woven fabric surface is 8 μm to 45 μm. The number of foams having diameter of 30 μm or larger is 100 or more/cm.sup.2 on the surface of a resin layer.

Textiles backed with a polyurethane cushion are produced by applying a layer of frothed polyurethane-forming mixture to a surface of the textile. The mixture contains both water and a physical blowing agent. The layer expands due to the action of the water and the physical blowing agent and cures to form an attached cushion having a density of 176 g/L or less.

The invention relates to a method for producing a surface-structured layered material which has a backing layer (I) and a polyurethane layer (2) connected thereto, the backing layer (I) used, in particular in pieces, being a leather, preferably a smoothed full-grain leather or a split cowskin, a textile material, preferably a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, a cellulose fibre material, a split foam, a leather fibre material or a microfibre fleece and being connected to the layer (2), and the layer (2) applied to the backing layer (I) being at least one, preferably a single layer formed of a PU foam, in particular containing gas pockets, preferably a whipped PU foam optionally containing hollow microspheres and/or a PU foam containing hollow microspheres. According to the invention: —the PU foam, in particular containing gas pockets, is created with a PU dispersion mixture, wherein the individual PU dispersions used to create the PU dispersion mixture exhibit different softening points in the dry state; —to create the PU dispersion mixture, one or more PU dispersions having heat—preferably melting and contact adhesive properties and a softening point in the dry state greater than 40° C., preferably greater than 45° C., in an amount of 18 to 52 wt ¾ of the finished PU dispersion mixture is/are mixed with one or more PU dispersions without melting and contact adhesive properties and with a softening point greater than 95° C., preferably greater than 125° C., in an amount of 39 to 73 wt ¾ of the finished PU dispersion mixture; —the PU dispersion mixture for the layer (2) is applied to the backing layer (I) with a thickness such that the layer has a thickness in the dried state of 0.075 to 0.450 mm, preferably 0.150 to 0.280 mm; —before or during structuring of the PU foam, a further layer (3) of a non-foamed PU dispersion which is a mixture of multiple PU dispersions is applied to the layer (2); —the backing layer (I) is optionally cut or punched into banks or pattern parts before or after the application of the PU foam, in particular after the drying thereof, and the coated blanks or pattern parts are subjected to stamping or structuring under pressure and temperature; and —the backing layer (1), the further layer (3) and the layer (2) are compressed and joined to one another and structured with a die (4) under application of a contact pressure of 4 to 48 kg/cm2, preferably 4 to 48 kg/cm2, in particular 18 to 25 kg/cm2.

The use of two-tail long-chain anionic surfactants as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.