Systems and methods are described whereby a deoxygenated liquid dye material is made by supplying the deoxygenated inert gas to a liquid dye material that is susceptible to oxidation, and mixing the liquid dye material in the presence of the supplied deoxygenated inert gas with water and at least one dye formulation component selected from the group consisting of reducing agents, pH adjusters, foaming agents, wetting agents and auxiliary chemicals to form a deoxygenated aqueous dye composition having an oxygen content of 30 ppm oxygen or less. A supply of inert gas may be provided which is then passed to a gas purifier to reduce oxygen content in the inert gas to, e.g., 1 ppb oxygen or less. The deoxygenated aqueous dye composition that is formed may have an oxygen content of 1 ppm or less.

The present disclosure provides methods of foam and spray dyeing using modified indigo dye compounds.

The current disclosure provides for a woven or nonwoven textured substrate that is stable in water based solutions. The textured substrate is generated by a controlled placement of ink on to portions of the surface and/or between layers of the textured substrate which is then followed by heat activation which expands the ink to puff out where the ink was applied to the textured substrate.

The current disclosure provides for a woven or nonwoven textured substrate that is stable in water based solutions. The textured substrate is generated by a controlled placement of ink on to portions of the surface and/or between layers of the textured substrate which is then followed by heat activation which expands the ink to puff out where the ink was applied to the textured substrate.

Systems and methods are described whereby a deoxygenated liquid dye material is made by supplying the deoxygenated inert gas to a liquid dye material that is susceptible to oxidation, and mixing the liquid dye material in the presence of the supplied deoxygenated inert gas with water and at least one dye formulation component selected from the group consisting of reducing agents, pH adjusters, foaming agents, wetting agents and auxiliary chemicals to form a deoxygenated aqueous dye composition having an oxygen content of 30 ppm oxygen or less. A supply of inert gas may be provided which is then passed to a gas purifier to reduce oxygen content in the inert gas to, e.g., 1 ppb oxygen or less. The deoxygenated aqueous dye composition that is formed may have an oxygen content of 1 ppm or less.

A flame-retardant fabric comprises a textile substrate having a layer of a nanoclay material extending along a surface of the textile substrate and integrated with the textile substrate.