There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

Provided is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass produced efficiently and quickly through cost-effective methods and systems. The MCC is comprised of short fibers due to the process through which the biomass is subjected. In addition to MCC, nanocellulose (CNF), and high quality crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) can be produced, as well as other cellulosic compounds, clean lignin and monomeric C5 and C6 sugars.

Where hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks is conducted so as to avoid agitation, melted lignin microdroplets remain very small in size, typically <3 μm. Carrying a net negative surface charge at neutral pH, the solidified microdroplets can be recovered from biogas digestate or process effluents from other biological conversion systems as a liquid fraction following solid/liquid separation to remove fibers, silicates and other suspended solids. This liquid suspension can be concentrated and used directly in chemical and thermochemical conversion systems with or without catalysts. Alternatively, the lignin microparticles can be flocculated and collected as a purified solid fraction. The solids can be solubilized in NaOH at room temperature as wet filter cake and used for base catalysed depolymerization or as fundamental reagent in production of phenolic resins, binder and dispersants. At least with straw and grass feedstocks, the lignin microparticles also include wax content which can be recovered separately.

Where hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks is conducted so as to avoid agitation, melted lignin microdroplets remain very small in size, typically <3 μm. Carrying a net negative surface charge at neutral pH, the solidified microdroplets can be recovered from biogas digestate or process effluents from other biological conversion systems as a liquid fraction following solid/liquid separation to remove fibers, silicates and other suspended solids. This liquid suspension can be concentrated and used directly in chemical and thermochemical conversion systems with or without catalysts. Alternatively, the lignin microparticles can be flocculated and collected as a purified solid fraction. The solids can be solubilized in NaOH at room temperature as wet filter cake and used for base catalysed depolymerization or as fundamental reagent in production of phenolic resins, binder and dispersants. At least with straw and grass feedstocks, the lignin microparticles also include wax content which can be recovered separately.

An absorbent towel paper web product produced by a paper making process that introduces differential density within the fibrous web and comprises from about 0.05 percent to about 20.0 percent by weight of the dry fiber basis of the paper web product with cellulose nanofilaments.

An absorbent towel paper web product produced by a paper making process that introduces differential density within the fibrous web and comprises from about 0.05 percent to about 20.0 percent by weight of the dry fiber basis of the paper web product with cellulose nanofilaments.

Methods of fractionating lignocellulosic biomass using hydrotropic sulfonic acids are provided. Also provided are methods of forming lignin particles, furans, sugars, and/or lignocellulosic micro- and nanofibrils from the liquid and solid fractions produced by fractionation process. The fractionation can be carried out at low temperatures with short reaction times.