A cooler (144) providing gas blows and comprising at least one cooler module having at least one cooler module (41, 42, 43, 44) of the cooler (144) is curved to provide a gas turn module for turning run of the fiber web (W) from its main running direction 80-190°. The cooler (144) includes moisturizing at least one surface of the fiber web. Having a blowing zone (45, 46, 53) in which gas is blown toward a surface of the fiber web and that the cooler comprises at least one suction zone (51), in which the fiber web evaporated moisture is drawn away from the proximity of a surface of the fiber web. There are cooler modules on both sides of the fiber web. The cooler has a gas turn module located inside a curved fiber web run, which provides gas blows toward the curved fiber web during the run.

Nonwoven fabric manufacturing line, which comprises a forming device for forming a fibre web on a moving web-forming base and a spunlacing device for reinforcing the web. Further, the line comprises at least one first drying device for drying the web and a calender for forming patterning in the web. The manufacturing line comprises at least one second drying device for drying the calendered web, which second drying device is located after the calender in the direction of travel of the web.

Methods of producing cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials for use in papermaking include treating a cellulosic or lignocellulosic dry feedstock having a first average molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation such that the average molecular weight of the feedstock is reduced to a predetermined level. A method of producing an irradiated paper product includes treating a paper product including a first carbohydrate-containing material having a first molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation so as to provide an irradiated paper product with a second carbohydrate-containing material having a second molecular weight higher than the first molecular weight. Pulp and paper products are produced.

A process for the production or treatment of a fibrous web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, includes the following steps: a. drying of the fibrous web in a dryer section; b. subsequent cooling of at least one first side of the fibrous web by way of convection cooling, whereby the fibrous web has a temperature of 65 C. or less on at least the first side after cooling, in particular 50 C. and less; c. apply steam to at least the first side of the fibrous web, in particular the temperature on the first side after steam application is at least 70 C., optionally more than 80 C. or 90 C.; and d. treatment of the fibrous web in at least one calendering nip.

Nonwoven fabric manufacturing line, which comprises a forming device for forming a fibre web on a moving web-forming base and a spunlacing device for reinforcing the web. Further, the line comprises at least one first drying device for drying the web and a calender for forming patterning in the web. The manufacturing line comprises at least one second drying device for drying the calendered web, which second drying device is located after the calender in the direction of travel of the web.

Calender for treating web materials, comprising a structure for supporting two heated rollers forming a nip, wherein each roller has surface reliefs (RR) and in an operational setting of the calender the reliefs of one roller are radially opposed to those of the other roller, each roller rotates with a predetermined angular speed around its axis, the rollers are heated by heating means, and each roller undergoes an axial elongation as a consequence of its heating. The calender comprises detection means (E1, E2; IS) adapted to detect the axial elongation of each roller and a programmable control unit (UCP) connected to the detection means and to the heating means. The control unit is programmed to determine the difference between the axial elongations of the rollers and emitting an alarm signal if the absolute value of this difference is greater than a limit value.

Methods of producing cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials for use in papermaking include treating a cellulosic or lignocellulosic dry feedstock having a first average molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation such that the average molecular weight of the feedstock is reduced to a predetermined level. A method of producing an irradiated paper product includes treating a paper product including a first carbohydrate-containing material having a first molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation so as to provide an irradiated paper product with a second carbohydrate-containing material having a second molecular weight higher than the first molecular weight. Pulp and paper products are produced.

A cooler (144) providing gas blows and comprising at least one cooler module having at least one cooler module (41, 42, 43, 44) of the cooler (144) is curved to provide a gas turn module for turning run of the fiber web (W) from its main running direction 80-190. The cooler (144) includes moisturizing at least one surface of the fiber web. Having a blowing zone (45, 46, 53) in which gas is blown toward a surface of the fiber web and that the cooler comprises at least one suction zone (51), in which the fiber web evaporated moisture is drawn away from the proximity of a surface of the fiber web. There are cooler modules on both sides of the fiber web. The cooler has a gas turn module located inside a curved fiber web run, which provides gas blows toward the curved fiber web during the run.

Methods of producing cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials for use in papermaking include treating a cellulosic or lignocellulosic dry feedstock having a first average molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation such that the average molecular weight of the feedstock is reduced to a predetermined level. A method of producing an irradiated paper product includes treating a paper product including a first carbohydrate-containing material having a first molecular weight with ionizing radiation, and controlling the dose of ionizing radiation so as to provide an irradiated paper product with a second carbohydrate-containing material having a second molecular weight higher than the first molecular weight. Pulp and paper products are produced.

Calender for treating web materials, comprising a structure for supporting two heated rollers forming a nip, wherein each roller has surface reliefs (RR) and in an operational setting of the calender the reliefs of one roller are radially opposed to those of the other roller, each roller rotates with a predetermined angular speed around its axis, the rollers are heated by heating means, and each roller undergoes an axial elongation as a consequence of its heating. The calender comprises detection means (E1, E2; IS) adapted to detect the axial elongation of each roller and a programmable control unit (UCP) connected to the detection means and to the heating means. The control unit is programmed to determine the difference between the axial elongations of the rollers and emitting an alarm signal if the absolute value of this difference is greater than a limit value.