Provided is a rail that is effective in improving wear resistance and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) resistance. The rail has a metallic structure including a pearlitic structure and a structure other than the pearlitic structure in a surface layer from a surface of a rail head to a depth of at least 0.5 mm, where the pearlitic structure has Vickers hardness of 420 HV or more and 520 HV or less, and the structure other than the pearlitic structure has Vickers hardness of 350 HV or more and 420 HV or less.

Provided is a rail that is effective in improving wear resistance and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) resistance. The rail has a metallic structure including a pearlitic structure and a structure other than the pearlitic structure in a surface layer from a surface of a rail head to a depth of at least 0.5 mm, where the pearlitic structure has Vickers hardness of 420 HV or more and 520 HV or less, and the structure other than the pearlitic structure has Vickers hardness of 350 HV or more and 420 HV or less.

A method and system for electroslag strip cladding (ESSC) of rail heads without preheating utilizing twin electroslag strip welding techniques. The twin ESSC techniques include depositing a layer of wear and corrosion resistance cladding material onto the entire running surface of the rail head at a relatively fast welding speed of approximately sixty cm/minute with less than one cm/meter of distortion. The welding speed is achieved by moving a twin ESSC welding head along a rail, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, or advancing a rail through a space under the twin ESSC welding head, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, while cladding material is deposited continuously onto the running surface of the rail head.

A method and system for electroslag strip cladding (ESSC) of rail heads without preheating utilizing twin electroslag strip welding techniques. The twin ESSC techniques include depositing a layer of wear and corrosion resistance cladding material onto the entire running surface of the rail head at a relatively fast welding speed of approximately sixty cm/minute with less than one cm/meter of distortion. The welding speed is achieved by moving a twin ESSC welding head along a rail, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, or advancing a rail through a space under the twin ESSC welding head, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, while cladding material is deposited continuously onto the running surface of the rail head.

Guide rail support (10) intended to withstand forces (F) exerted in a direction (T) transverse to a railway track on a guide rail (5) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) of the railway track. The guide rail comprises: a front face (31) in the transverse direction for supporting the guide rail (5) or an attachment part (23) of the guide rail, a lower face (33) in a third direction (V) substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, wherein the lower face transversely comprises at least one front section (43) and one rear section (45), and at least one reinforcement rib (35) transversely linking the front face and the rear section. The rear section and the front section respectably define, in a contact plane (P) of the lower face with the rail support, two distinct contact surfaces (47, 49) separated by a section (51) of the contact plane and devoid of any contact with the lower face, while the reinforcement rib spans the said section.

A friction apparatus is provided. The friction apparatus includes: a first member having a first surface; and a second member having a second surface that contacts the first surface, and moving while in contact with the first member, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is hardened.

A friction apparatus is provided. The friction apparatus includes: a first member having a first surface; and a second member having a second surface that contacts the first surface, and moving while in contact with the first member, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is hardened.

A railroad flangeway filler for a freight railroad and grade crossing comprises a section of foamed polyurethane inserted into a gap in the freight railroad and grade crossing. Preferably, the filler design has a substantially planar uppermost surface and a hard urethane base. A method for making such flangeway fillers is also disclosed.

A railroad flangeway filler for a freight railroad and grade crossing comprises a section of foamed polyurethane inserted into a gap in the freight railroad and grade crossing. Preferably, the filler design has a substantially planar uppermost surface and a hard urethane base. A method for making such flangeway fillers is also disclosed.

A railroad rail comprising a rail head, wherein the rail head is made from a first material and defines a void, and an insert comprising a second material installed in the void.