A substructure (1) for an artificial lawn, comprising a top layer (4) of artificial grass fibers (5) and a substratum (2), which substratum comprises a number of individual layers, including a base layer (2), an intermediate layer (7) positioned on top of said base layer an a sand layer (3) positioned on top of said intermediate layer, wherein said sand layer comprises at least two sublayers, wherein the first sublayer (11) comprises a sand fraction having a particle size which is larger than the particle size of the sand fraction of the second sublayer (13).

A subsurface warming system for an athletic field supplies positive pressurization to a particulate subsurface via a piping network with pipes that have openings. The system enables control of the temperature of the supplied air by varying the flow resistance at an output end of a constant air supply source, such as a positive displacement blower. By increasing the flow resistance at the output end of the blower, with a variably controllable valve equipped with a modulating actuator, the operating temperature of the blower increases and thereby causes a corresponding increase in the temperature of the air supplied therefrom. By varying the flow resistance, as needed, a user can vary the temperature of the air supplied to the piping network and eventually to the subsurface, to allow the problem associated with freezing of the subsurface during the winter season, for an athletic field that may be an artificial turf.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises plurality of panels, each panel comprising a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of top projections. The top projections form top side water drainage channels. The panels have edges, with the edges of one panel abutting the edges of adjacent panels, thereby forming a drainage path between adjacent panels. The panel edges have vertical support extensions that extend into the drainage paths between adjacent panels. The vertical support extensions have an upper surface for supporting an artificial turf assembly overlying the turf underlayment layer, and the panel edges having one or more complementary indentations corresponding to vertical support extensions of adjacent panels. When the panels move toward each other, thereby closing drainage paths between adjacent panels, the vertical support extensions are received in the corresponding indentations.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

A pop-up emitter includes a conduit, a cover plate, a pop-up lid, and a clip. The conduit defines a flow channel configured to establish fluid communication with a drainage system. The cover plate protrudes radially outward from a top end of the conduit and about the flow channel. The cover plate defines a slot along a top surface of the cover plate. The pop-up lid has a horizontally extending pin protruding outward therefrom. The pin is disposed within the slot. The pop-up lid is configured to pivot about the pin to transition between a first position where the plate covers the flow channel along the top end and a second position where the flow channel is exposed such that water is emitted therefrom. The clip is disposed within the slot and engages the pin such that the clip retains the pin within the slot.

Method for the treatment of loose material of vegetable origin to be used as infill material (10) in artificial, or natural, or mixed artificial and natural turfs (1), comprising a step of mixing a predetermined amount of loose material of vegetable origin with a predetermined amount of a predetermined compound based on at least a drying, or semi-drying oil, in such a way to improve its properties.

The invention provides for a method of manufacturing artificial turf (1000). The method includes creating a polymer mixture, such as polymer mixture (400), where the polymer mixture is at least a three-phase system. The polymer mixture includes a first polymer, a second polymer and a compatibilizer. The first polymer is a polyamide (PA) and the second polymer is a polyethylene (PE). The first polymer is included in an amount of 0.125 percent to 5 percent by weight, the second polymer is included in an amount of 60 percent to 97 percent by weight and the compatibilizer is included in an amount of 0.375 percent to 15 percent by weight. The first polymer and the second polymer are immiscible, and the first polymer forms polymer beads surrounded by the compatibilizer within the second polymer.

A method of softening coconut shell material, includes submerging the coconut shell material in water to produce clean crumb material, boiling the clean crumb material in a salt solution to produce boiled crumb material, steaming the boiled crumb material to produce steamed crumb material, first soaking the steamed crumb material in a solution of water and an alkali material to produce soaked crumb material, second soaking the soaked crumb material in a salt solution to produce second soaked crumb material, rinsing the second soaked crumb material with a stable alkaline solution to product softened wet crumb material, and storing the softened wet crumb material.

A support layer for supporting an artificial turf assembly. The support layer being formed of a polymeric foam, preferably having a density of between 20 and 70 grams per liter, such as a polyolefin foam; and having an upper side and a lower side, wherein in use the support layer has been placed with the lower side thereof on a base surface and supports, on the upper side thereof, the artificial turf assembly, the support layer including a plurality of through drainage holes extending from the upper side to the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow via the plurality of drainage holes from the upper side to the lower side, and also including a plurality of channels at the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow through the channels along the lower side, wherein each of said plurality of drainage holes debouches into one of the plurality of channels. The support layer is further included in an artificial turf system, that includes an artificial turf assembly with the support layer supported on a base surface such as a layer of sand, wherein the support layer forms, at the upper sides thereof, a closed support surface supporting the artificial turf assembly.

There exists a number of youth development programs centered on sports programming. Some of these programs operate on a platform of revitalizing neighborhood spaces to improve community engagement by creating a space for youth to enjoy sports. Oftentimes these neighborhood spaces include restrictions or the surrounding community has needs (like lighting and seating) which are unmet or under-met. Envisioned is a system approach to addressing these needs wherein a wide variety of custom solutions can be produced from prefabricated, modular, and portable components that interface with existing amenities (if any) so to enrich the youth experience and better achieve program objectives. This modular approach provides a common infrastructure for different spaces, different sports, and different levels of play.