Various embodiments for a panel that may be combined with other similar panels to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The panel for use in a padding layer of a panel system includes at least one water accumulation region positioned at or near a perimeter of the panel. The at least one water accumulation region is defined by a pyramidal surface that slopes downwards from a center of the panel to distal edges of the panel such that the center has a height relative to a ground surface greater than the distal edges of the panel, a plurality of projections projecting from the pyramidal surface, and a ridge projecting from the pyramidal surface, the ridge extending along a perimeter of the panel, wherein the ridge has a projection height sufficient to retain water at the perimeter of the panel.

Various embodiments for a pad that may be combined with other similar pads to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The pad includes a top surface and a bottom surface. Bottom-side projections are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad. Water channels are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad defined as a recessed area between individual ones of the bottom-side projections. A drainage hole is positioned in at least one of the bottom-side projections such that the drainage hole does not connect with any of the water channels on the bottom surface. The drainage hole may be at least partially coupled to projection channels on the bottom-side projections, where the projection channels act as a water vacuum to facilitate air circulation and vertical water evacuation relative to the drainage hole.

A modular system for streets formed of a top module, a bottom module, an internal cavity formed within the bottom module, cables positioned within said bottom module, a computing device, sensors operatively associated with said computing device, and communications hardware configured to communicate information from said sensors to a second computing device positioned exterior to said modular system.

Various embodiments for a pad that may be combined with other similar pads to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The pad includes a top surface and a bottom surface. Bottom-side projections are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad. Water channels are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad defined as a recessed area between individual ones of the bottom-side projections. A drainage hole is positioned in at least one of the bottom-side projections such that the drainage hole does not connect with any of the water channels on the bottom surface.

Disclosed is a multifunctional synthetic resin block for roads. The synthetic resin block includes a water permeable sheet configured as a synthetic resin block having a flat sheet shape so as to be laid on a ground, a block frame configured as a synthetic resin body taking a form of a rectangular frame, which is divided into multiple rectangular areas each having open top and bottom sides, so as to be installed on the upper surface of the water permeable sheet, the rectangular areas being filled with filler stones, and multiple corrugated plates each configured as a synthetic resin having a rectangular plate shape and arranged so that corrugations thereof are oriented perpendicular to each other so as to cover the rectangular areas of the block frame. The synthetic resin block provides almost all functions, such as a rainwater retention function, water permeation function, and anti-slippage function, at low cost.

A covering element for a floor covering comprising an upper surface having a relief structure, wherein the relief structure comprises excavations having a depth decreasing towards at least one perimetric edge of the covering element.

Various embodiments for a panel that may be combined with other similar panels to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The panel for use in a padding layer of a panel system includes a male locking element configured to form a dove-tail connection with at least one adjacent panel. The dove-tail connection includes a male locking element of the panel coupling with a female locking element of the at least one adjacent panel and forming an interference fit between the male locking element and the female locking element. A space is proved between the male locking element and the female element when coupled that permits thermal expansion of the panel.

Various embodiments for a pad that may be combined with other similar pads to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The pad includes a top surface and a bottom surface. Bottom-side projections are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad. Water channels are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad defined as a recessed area between individual ones of the bottom-side projections. A drainage hole is positioned in at least one of the bottom-side projections such that the drainage hole does not connect with any of the water channels on the bottom surface. The drainage hole may be at least partially coupled to projection channels on the bottom-side projections, where the projection channels act as a water vacuum to facilitate air circulation and vertical water evacuation relative to the drainage hole.

A paving block having interior drainage.

A method for slipforming a concrete trench drain channel using a slipform paving machine, said drain channel having frames defining an upper opening of said channel and adapted to receive a grate; and said frames therefor.