The present invention is directed to a multi-axial fabric which is dimensionally-stabilized. The composite fabric has a substrate and a plurality of first, second, third, and fourth strands disposed across the substrate and oriented in non-parallel directions with respect to one another. Binding fiber secures the aforementioned strands to the substrate. The composite fabric can be substantially free of more than three strands overlapping at a common position on the substrate. A road employing the multi-axial fabric is described.

An athletic play surface having a moisture-resistant substrate layer located on top of a base surface. A woven scrim layer is positioned on top of and adhered to the substrate layer. A plurality of open cells extend through the scrim layer. An encapsulation layer is formed using a flowable curable material that is poured over the scrim layer and that hardens. The curable material passes through the open cells of the scrim layer, contacts the base surface, and then substantially fills the plurality of open cells of the scrim layer. A portion of the encapsulation layer extends beyond a top of the scrim layer to a height H. A decorative layer, such as paint and court lines, may be applied on top of the encapsulation layer.

Concrete based reinforced road structure covered by asphalt that comprises a basic layer (1) made of concrete with a substantially horizontal upper surface and placed directly or through a subconstruction on the ground and at least one mould cover layer (2) thereon made of asphalt, and support elements (3) positioned between the basic layer (1) and the cover layer (2), wherein the support elements (3) are inserted in a predetermined depth in the basic layer (1) prior to the setting thereof so that they are partially projecting out of the basic layer (1) in normal direction to the upper surface, and the projecting portion provides protection to the cover layer (2) against being displaced relative to the basic layer (1) under loads to which the road is exposed, and the support elements (3) are flat stripes with walls being substantially normal to the surface of the basic layer (1) and comprising subsequent sections with differing directions to form respective meandering lines.

Systems and methods for a conductive concrete slab having protection against one or more of surface current, ground fault current, and current leakage. A method includes, but is not limited to, introducing an electrical insulation base layer to a ground surface; introducing a plurality of electrodes to the electrical insulation base layer; and casting conductive concrete over the plurality of electrodes and the electrical insulation base layer. An electrical insulation top layer can also be applied to mitigate one or more of surface current and ground fault current.

Concrete based reinforced road structure covered by asphalt that comprises a basic layer (1) made of concrete with a substantially horizontal upper surface and placed directly or through a subconstruction on the ground and at least one mould cover layer (2) thereon made of asphalt, and support elements (3) positioned between the basic layer (1) and the cover layer (2), wherein the support elements (3) are inserted in a predetermined depth in the basic layer (1) prior to the setting thereof so that they are partially projecting out of the basic layer (1) in normal direction to the upper surface, and the projecting portion provides protection to the cover layer (2) against being displaced relative to the basic layer (1) under loads to which the road is exposed, and the support elements (3) are flat stripes with walls being substantially normal to the surface of the basic layer (1) and comprising subsequent sections with differing directions to form respective meandering lines.

Systems and methods are described for providing a conductive concrete slab having protection against one or more of surface current, ground fault current, and current leakage. A method includes, but is not limited to, introducing an electrical insulation base layer to a ground surface; introducing a plurality of electrodes to the electrical insulation base layer; and casting conductive concrete over the plurality of electrodes and the electrical insulation base layer. An electrical insulation top layer can also be applied to mitigate one or more of surface current and ground fault current.

Chemical-resistant polymer concrete and methods of use thereof are described herein. The polymer concrete comprises a polymer layer and aggregates. The polymer layer is formed by reacting an epoxy vinyl ester resin promoted with cobalt and catalyzed by a peroxide. A concrete substrate is formed by layering the polymer layer and aggregates in thin alternating layers until a desired thickness is achieved. This layering method can reduce shrinkage of the concrete, thereby preventing cracking, deformation or debonding.