A road marking (10) has bristles (11) extending above a road surface level (12). The bristles (11) are attached below the road surface level (12), leaving a recess (13) between the road surface level (12) and the bristles (11). The recess (13) allows the bristles (11) to bend below the road surface level (12) during snowploughing. The forces exerted to the raised road marking (10) do not pull the bristles (11) or the whole road marking (10) assembly off the road surface.

The bristles (11) may be installed into the road surface by cutting a suitable cavity (15) into the road surface. A bottom portion of the cavity (15) is filled with a fluid adhesive, leaving the surface of the adhesive below the road surface. The bristles (11) are inserted in the fluid adhesive. After the adhesive has been cured, the bristles (11) stand proud from the road surface.

A road marking (10) has bristles (11) extending above a road surface level (12). The bristles (11) are attached below the road surface level (12), leaving a recess (13) between the road surface level (12) and the bristles (11). The recess (13) allows the bristles (11) to bend below the road surface level (12) during snowploughing. The forces exerted to the raised road marking (10) do not pull the bristles (11) or the whole road marking (10) assembly off the road surface.

The bristles (11) may be installed into the road surface by cutting a suitable cavity (15) into the road surface. A bottom portion of the cavity (15) is filled with a fluid adhesive, leaving the surface of the adhesive below the road surface. The bristles (11) are inserted in the fluid adhesive. After the adhesive has been cured, the bristles (11) stand proud from the road surface.

Surrogates for roadside objects can be used for vehicle testing. A grass surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as natural grass when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle systems (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The grass surrogate can help a vehicle to identify road boundaries, particularly in portions of a road that do not include lane markings. The grass surrogate can be configured to withstand being driven over by a test vehicle without being damaged and/or without damaging the test vehicle. In some arrangements, the grass surrogate can include artificial grass that is coated with a mixture of high gloss acrylic paint and high reflectance pigments.

An embedment tile for producing a tactilely detectable surface in a pedestrian walkway with an improved cross beam anchor.