A temporary flexible pavement marker comprising a base, a stand and a protective shield wherein at least part of the stand is reflective and the protective shield is configured to prevent materials sprayed down upon the temporary flexible pavement marker from obscuring the reflective part of the stand may be employed in the construction or repair of roads. Since the protective shield prevents asphalt from obscuring the reflective part of the stand during spraying operations there is no need for a technician to remove a protective layer from the markers after a spraying operation.

Described is a road stud that can be provided at regular intervals on the surface of a road, such as the center line, edge, or branch line of a roadway. The road studs enable drivers to easily and visually identify lanes and to recognize lane departures or lane invasions through the sensation of vibration or auditory sensation of sound.

An apparatus for locating an object of interest using offset. The object may be a mobile platform, or portion of same, associated with a vehicle, or a pavement segment or feature of or on a pavement segment on which the mobile platform is located. The vehicle includes first and second fixed points having a known offset from each other. An image sensor whose field of view includes the second fixed point and a segment of the pavement surface provides image data which is used with the known offset to calculate the precise location of the object of interest.

An example method includes storing marking data to specify at least one selected marking to apply at a target location along a vehicle path of travel, the marking data including a machine-readable description and a marking reference coordinate frame for the selected marking. The method also includes generating task plan data to apply the selected marking based on the marking data and at least one parameter of an application tool. The method also includes determining a location and orientation of the application tool with respect to the vehicle path of travel based on location data representing a current location of a vehicle carrying the application tool. The method also includes computing a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool.

An example method includes storing marking data to specify at least one selected marking to apply at a target location along a vehicle path of travel, the marking data including a machine-readable description and a marking reference coordinate frame for the selected marking. The method also includes generating task plan data to apply the selected marking based on the marking data and at least one parameter of an application tool. The method also includes determining a location and orientation of the application tool with respect to the vehicle path of travel based on location data representing a current location of a vehicle carrying the application tool. The method also includes computing a joint-space trajectory to enable the application tool to apply the selected marking at the target location based on the task plan data and the determined location of the application tool.

A method for locating an object of interest using offset. The object may be a mobile platform, or portion of same, associated with a vehicle, or a pavement segment or feature of or on a pavement segment on which the mobile platform is located. The vehicle includes first and second fixed points having a known offset from each other. An image sensor whose field of view includes the second fixed point and a portion of the mobile platform provides image data which is used with the known offset to calculate the precise location of the object of interest.

A temporary flexible pavement marker comprising a base, a stand and a protective shield wherein at least part of the stand is reflective and the protective shield is configured to prevent materials sprayed down upon the temporary flexible pavement marker from obscuring the reflective part of the stand may be employed in the construction or repair of roads. Since the protective shield prevents asphalt from obscuring the reflective part of the stand during spraying operations there is no need for removal of a protective layer from the markers after a spraying operation.

A method for locating an object of interest using offset. The object may be a mobile platform, or portion of same, associated with a vehicle, or a pavement segment or feature of or on a pavement segment on which the mobile platform is located. The vehicle includes first and second fixed points having a known offset from each other. An image sensor whose field of view includes the second fixed point and a portion of the mobile platform provides image data which is used with the known offset to calculate the precise location of the object of interest.

A temporary flexible pavement marker comprising a base, a stand and a protective shield wherein at least part of the stand is reflective and the protective shield is configured to prevent materials sprayed down upon the temporary flexible pavement marker from obscuring the reflective part of the stand may be employed in the construction or repair of roads. Since the protective shield prevents asphalt from obscuring the reflective part of the stand during spraying operations there is no need for removal of a protective layer from the markers after a spraying operation.

A temporary flexible pavement marker comprising a base, a stand and a protective shield wherein at least part of the stand is reflective and the protective shield is configured to prevent materials sprayed down upon the temporary flexible pavement marker from obscuring the reflective part of the stand may be employed in the construction or repair of roads. Since the protective shield prevents asphalt from obscuring the reflective part of the stand during spraying operations there is no need for removal of a protective layer from the markers after a spraying operation.