An ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 to 300 pounds of force and an insulation R value from 1 to 40, the ultra-stable structural laminate of a cementious material with a nano-molecular veneer and a foam component catalytically reacted into an expanded closed cell foam having a thickness from ⅛.sup.th inch to 8 inches, a density from 1.5 pounds/cubic foot to 3 pounds/cubic foot that self-adheres to the cementitious material forming an ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 pounds to 300 pounds of force, an insulation R value from 1 to 40, a resistance to seismic impact for earthquakes over 3.1 on the Richter Scale, a break point from 7 lbs/inch to 100 lbs/inch; and a resistance to wind shear equivalent to a 15 mph downburst.

A method of laying one or more concrete topping slabs over an existing concrete structure includes providing a concrete form defining an area on a surface of the concrete structure, drilling a hole into the surface of the concrete structure within the area, the hole being closer to a first border of the concrete form than to a second border of the concrete form opposite the first border, attaching first and second slip-dowel receiving sheaths respectively to the first and second borders, securing a first end portion of a bent metal bar in the hole with a second end portion of the bent metal bar extending parallel to the surface and the slip-dowel receiving sheaths toward the second border, and pouring a concrete mixture over the surface of the concrete structure and about the first and second slip-dowel receiving sheaths and the second end portion of the bent metal bar.

A wall structure and a method for forming a wall structure is provided using three-dimensional printing of extruded building material applied to a surface of a building structure. According to one embodiment, the wall structure includes a pair of outer wythes spaced from an inner wythe. The outer wythes can include a core extending between the pair of outer wythes and toward the inner wythe. A protrusion can also extend toward the inner wythe a spaced distance from the inner wythe or entirely toward and adjoining the inner wythe. The core is configured with an inwardly facing spaced opposed surfaces of the outer wythes surrounding a vertically extending rebar, with grout surrounding that rebar. Horizontally extending support pins can be spaced parallel from each other and extend from the protrusions and into the inner wythe.

Edge protectors are useful to be cast into the edges of concrete slabs to prevent spalling thereof after shrinkage has occurred and a gap has formed between adjacent slabs. An alternative edge protector (10) is described which comprises a first folded sheet having, in use, an upper (35) and a lower portion (25), the fold being on a first side of the first folded sheet and being alignable, in use, with the sidewall of the slab, the upper portion being planar and being arrangeable, in use, with its upper surface coplanar with the upper surface of the slab, the lower portion extending at least partially under the upper portion in a direction away from the fold, and continuing from the end of the lower portion in the same general direction, without any further folds or bends greater than 90 degrees, as an anchor portion (20) such that the anchor portion is arrangeable within the slab.

An inter-tenancy partitioning system installed between floor and ceiling slabs has aligned dual spaced apart ceiling and floor channels formed by channel forming members. Dual panels are supported vertically within the aligned dual ceiling and floor channels Each panel having a width less than that of each channel and the channels are spaced apart to provide a gap between the panels. The panels have a height of greater than 2800 mm and extend through a suspended ceiling to engage the respective channel forming members at the ceiling slab above the suspended ceiling. Outer vertical pieces of the channel forming members of the floor channels have a height that does not extend vertically beyond an upper surface of the adjacent floor covering.

A PPVC connector is provided for joining a first PPVC (Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction) module and a second PPVC module. The PPVC connector is adopted for coupling or joining a first PPVC module and a second PPVC module together, comprising a first anchor for attaching to the first PPVC module; a second anchor for attaching to the second PPVC module; and a frame for coupling the first anchor and the second anchor together. The first anchor, the second anchor, the frame or a combination of any of these components comprise a plate having at least one side for attaching to one of the PPVC Module. Due to confinement effect, the first module and the second module are prevented from detachment so as to bind the first PPVC module and the second PPVC module together permanently to form a monolithic assemble.

The present invention relates generally to a below grade, blind side, waterproofing sheet membrane with adhesive and low reflectivity granular particle layer to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same. More particularly, the invention encompasses a below grade, blind side, waterproofing sheet membrane with adhesive, and having at least one layer of low reflectivity granular particle layer that are fully or partly embedded into the adhesive layer, and where the average reflectivity of the exposed granular particles is below about 50 percent reflectivity on a standard reflectivity scale. The inventive waterproofing layer having the waterproofing sheet membrane, and an adhesive layer having embedded therein low reflectivity granular particles can be used in any building or wall construction, and can be placed under or around a foundation of a building or dwelling or on its below grade blind side retaining walls, etc.

Building structures can be fabricated at an offsite, and then assembled at the construction site. The building structures can include beams and wall panels having metal attachments. The beams and wall panels can be assembled by coupling the metal attachments, for example, by welding.

Described herein are compositions comprising hemp, minerals, and water. Such compositions may be used in construction, building materials, insulation, etc. Such compositions may be sprayed, poured, cast, molded, etc.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a cast-in-place concrete slab load transfer and slab connection apparatus and method of employing same.