A panel assembly includes two frame members and a plurality of panels extending between the frame members. Each panel has fastening elements at either end. The fastening elements are arranged to clip onto mating portions of the frame members, and are also arranged to frictionally engage internal surfaces of the panels to thereby hold the panels relative to the frame members.

A reinforcement-confined circular steel tube member with enhanced end stiffness. Two ends of a first end sleeve are respectively connected to a first end plate and a first connecting annular plate. Two ends of a second end sleeve are respectively connected to a second end plate and a second connecting annular plate. A first end of a circular steel tube passes through the first connecting annular plate to be inserted into the first end sleeve and fixed to the first end plate, and a second end of the circular steel tube sequentially passes through restraint rings and the second connecting annular plate to be inserted into the second end sleeve and fixed to the second end plate. Two ends of each steel bar are respectively provided with a first limit part and a second limit part.

An example buckling restrained brace (“BRB”) includes a casing exhibiting a hollow cross-sectional shape defining an interior region. The BRB also includes a core and at least a portion of the core is disposed in the interior region of the casing. For example, the casing may exhibit a first length and the core may exhibit a second length that is greater than the first length such that a portion of the core extends from the casing. The core is separated from the casing by an minimum gap distance along at least a portion of the first length of the casing and a corresponding portion of the second length of the core.

The present invention is a support structure including elongate hollow cylinder and flat plates secured thereto. A first rigid flat plate is horizontally disposed in overlying relation to each hollow cylinder and a second rigid flat plate is horizontally disposed in underlying relation to each hollow cylinder. Stress-distributing strengthening members are circumferentially positioned about the hollow cylinder and secured to their associated rigid flat plates. A key may extend from a first end of each hollow cylinder and a mating socket may be formed in a second end of each hollow cylinder to facilitate end-to-end interconnection of a plurality of hollow cylinders.

A strut including an elongated beam portion and a connecting end portion. The elongated beam portion is a tubular structure having an external circumference, the connecting end portion is integral with the elongated beam portion, has a folded and flattened end portion of the tubular structure, and where diametrically opposite inward fold lines meet between flattened parts the end portion of the tubular structure. The resulting connecting end portion includes four material layers and the connecting end portion has a width transverse to a longitudinal centerline of the connecting end portion.

The present application relates to a statically permanently loadable tension member or compression member (10) for a structure, which member comprises, on both end portions (12), thread flanks (14) of a thread for receiving a connection component. According to the invention, the thread flanks (14) are provided at least partially with a rolled zinc surface (16).

An extruded profile defining a normal section surface, a horizontal loading direction along the normal section surface and a vertical loading direction along the normal section surface perpendicular to the horizontal loading direction The profile includes a core arranged in a central position at the intersection of the directions, a plurality of arms each including a radial segment radially connected to the core and a tangential segment perpendicularly connected to the radial segment The radial segments of the adjacent arms are perpendicular to each other and each oriented 45° to the horizontal load direction and/or the vertical load direction, and the tangential segments of the adjacent arms are configured to simultaneously support the same load along the horizontal load direction and/or the vertical load direction.

A modular, integrated structurally reinforced component, comprising a plurality of elongated metallic member having; a planar base extending between adjacent longitudinal edges, having patterns of smaller apertures, and larger material access openings created on the planar base extending the length thereof, a pair of planar legs extending from the planar base's longitudinal edges, forming 45-degrees to 135-degrees leg-base structural bends with the planar base. The planar legs are having a pattern of smaller apertures created on the planar leg extending the length thereof. A pair of flange sections extending from the planar leg's longitudinal edges, having a first flat planar portion and a second incurvate planar portion; the first flat planar portion extending from planar leg longitudinal edges forming a 90-135-degrees flange-leg structural bend, the said second incurvate planar portion extending from the adjacent first flat planar portion longitudinal edges, forming either a spiral, or circular, or curve planar reinforcement portion. Whereby, metallic fasteners securely connect two or more contiguous structural members to assemble Classes of modular, integrated structural components.

An example buckling restrained brace (“BRB”) includes a casing exhibiting a hollow cross-sectional shape defining an interior region. The BRB also includes a core and at least a portion of the core is disposed in the interior region of the casing. For example, the casing may exhibit a first length and the core may exhibit a second length that is greater than the first length such that a portion of the core extends from the casing. The core is separated from the casing by an minimum gap distance along at least a portion of the first length of the casing and a corresponding portion of the second length of the core.