A volumetric expander comprising a casing having a general inlet and outlet, a piston operating inside the casing and adapted to define an expansion chamber with variable volume, a main shaft connected to the piston, and a valve for selectively opening and closing an inlet and an outlet of the expansion chamber allowing: a condition of introduction of the working fluid in the expansion chamber, a condition of expansion of the working fluid in the expansion chamber, and a condition of discharge of the working fluid from said expansion chamber. The casing defines a discharge chamber in direct communication with the general outlet and configured for being put in direct fluid communication with the outlet of the expansion chamber during the condition of discharging the working fluid from the expansion chamber itself. The casing comprises an auxiliary inlet which is in communication with the discharge chamber of the casing and with the general outlet; the auxiliary inlet is configured for enabling the working fluid to directly enter the casing.

A volumetric expander comprising a casing having a general inlet and outlet, a piston operating inside the casing and adapted to define an expansion chamber with variable volume, a main shaft connected to the piston, and a valve for selectively opening and closing an inlet and an outlet of the expansion chamber allowing: a condition of introduction of the working fluid in the expansion chamber, a condition of expansion of the working fluid in the expansion chamber, and a condition of discharge of the working fluid from said expansion chamber. The casing defines a discharge chamber in direct communication with the general outlet and configured for being put in direct fluid communication with the outlet of the expansion chamber during the condition of discharging the working fluid from the expansion chamber itself. The casing comprises an auxiliary inlet which is in communication with the discharge chamber of the casing and with the general outlet; the auxiliary inlet is configured for enabling the working fluid to directly enter the casing.

A valve assembly is adjustable in three independent ways allowing it to provide a variable input volume. The valve assembly has a base and an entrance plate. An outer guide, an inner guide and a shaft, each with a passage, are held together and the shaft is rotatable between the guides. The valve is open when the passages of the inner guide plate and shaft are aligned and closed when the passages are not aligned. The shaft RPM determines how many times per minute the valve opens. The open/closed ratio of the valve assembly determines how long the valve is open during each half revolution. The location of the shaft up or down in relationship to the inner guide determines what percentage of possible flow passes through the valve during each half revolution. The valve assembly can be used with either a gas or liquid medium.

A valve assembly is adjustable in three independent ways allowing it to provide a variable input volume. The valve assembly has a base and an entrance plate. An outer guide, an inner guide and a shaft, each with a passage, are held together and the shaft is rotatable between the guides. The valve is open when the passages of the inner guide plate and shaft are aligned and closed when the passages are not aligned. The shaft RPM determines how many times per minute the valve opens. The open/closed ratio of the valve assembly determines how long the valve is open during each half revolution. The location of the shaft up or down in relationship to the inner guide determines what percentage of possible flow passes through the valve during each half revolution. The valve assembly can be used with either a gas or liquid medium.

A high efficiency steam engine or steam expander includes a cylinder, cylinder head and piston in which cylinder clearance volume is zero or nearly zero together with a negligible amount of compression such that any pressure in the cylinder clearance volume just before the power stroke is as low as ambient pressure or condenser pressure to provide superior thermal efficiency in a compact compound engine having a high pressure expansion chamber within the piston and low pressure chamber in the cylinder. The inlet valve is opened slightly by piston movement and a steam assist force then drives it to its fully open position. Steam passes from the high pressure chamber to the low pressure chamber through a transfer valve located in the head of the piston and steam is released through an automatic exhaust valve in the cylinder head.

A method which develops a supercritical combustion chamber environment and combines fumigation and water conversion to superheated steam to effect greater fuel efficiency and reduce exhaust gas pollutants from a compression ignition engine. The invention utilizes the fumigant method by combining two gases (DME and heptane) which autoignite prior to the injection of the liquid water. This pre-combustion of the fumigant gases combined with the engine's compression of the combustion chamber gases is managed to attain a supercritical combustion chamber environment into which the liquid water is injected. This targeted supercritical combustion chamber environment causes the water to become a superheated steam, resulting in significantly greater efficiency and negligible exhaust gas pollutants resulting from the steam engine.

A method which develops a supercritical combustion chamber environment and combines fumigation and water conversion to superheated steam to effect greater fuel efficiency and reduce exhaust gas pollutants from a compression ignition engine. The invention utilizes the fumigant method by combining two gases (DME and heptane) which autoignite prior to the injection of the liquid water. This pre-combustion of the fumigant gases combined with the engine's compression of the combustion chamber gases is managed to attain a supercritical combustion chamber environment into which the liquid water is injected. This targeted supercritical combustion chamber environment causes the water to become a superheated steam, resulting in significantly greater efficiency and negligible exhaust gas pollutants resulting from the steam engine.

A mechanically simplified electric and fluid (gas, vapor or liquid) control for a piston engine, including an engine valve actuator system that eliminates rotating cam shafts and heavy internal combustion engine valve closing springs by using an electromagnet and an armature which is attracted by the electromagnet to initiate movement of both a fluid control valve and the engine valve. When the control valve is moved only slightly off its seat by the armature, fluid pressure instantly drives the control valve a much greater distance closing the engine valve. Opening and closing time is regulated independently. Engine valves are opened by reversing the fluid pressure balance across the control valve at the time selected.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.