An internal combustion engine includes an engine block, a piston, a cylinder head, and a valve train. The engine block includes a cylinder block including a cylinder bore and a crankcase defining a crankcase chamber with a crankshaft positioned within the crankcase chamber. The piston is coupled to the crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block. The valve train includes a camshaft, a first and second pushrod, a first and second rocker arm, an exhaust valve housed, and an intake valve. The first rocker arm, the second rocker arm, the exhaust valve, and the intake valve each include at least a layer of a low friction material. The first and second pushrod each pass through a pushrod seal to prevent fluid from reaching the rocker chamber to fluidly isolate the rocker chamber from the crankcase chamber.

In an internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and has a cam chain chamber on a side of the cylinder block, a beam member that traverses the cam chain chamber is disposed in the cam chain chamber.

A valve seat formed within an aluminum engine component includes a valve seat surface machined within the aluminum engine component, a layer of copper alloy material laser clad onto the valve seat surface of the aluminum engine component, the layer of copper alloy material having a thickness of less than 2.0 millimeters, and a layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material laser clad onto the layer of copper alloy material, the layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material having an average thickness of less than 0.5 millimeters, wherein the layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material has an outer surface that is machined to a final valve seat profile.

A valvetrain includes a rocker arm assembly having a rocker arm and an electromagnetic latch assembly. An electromagnet of the latch assembly is housed within a chamber formed by the rocker arm. Passageways suitable for oil cooling of the electromagnet are formed through and inside the rocker arm. In some embodiments, oil for cooling is supplied through a pivot. In some embodiments, oil for cooling is obtained from oil splash. Oil cooling may allow modes of operation such as of dynamic cylinder deactivation and dynamic variable valve actuation to be used without overheating the electromagnet.

A valve seat ring for a gas exchange valve of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine includes: a one-part or multi-part main body defining a through-flow opening; and a valve seat region arranged on a portion of the main body in the region of the through-flow opening, a surface of the valve seat region forming a valve seat for a valve body of the gas exchange valve. At least into the main body at least one recess is introduced, which is at least partly filled with a solder material.

A valve seat formed within an aluminum engine component includes a valve seat surface machined within the aluminum engine component, a layer of copper alloy material laser clad onto the valve seat surface of the aluminum engine component, the layer of copper alloy material having a thickness of less than 2.0 millimeters, and a layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material laser clad onto the layer of copper alloy material, the layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material having an average thickness of less than 0.5 millimeters, wherein the layer of copper alloy/tool steel carbide material has an outer surface that is machined to a final valve seat profile.

An internal combustion engine includes an engine block, a piston, a cylinder head, and a valve train. The engine block includes a cylinder block including a cylinder bore and a crankcase defining a crankcase chamber with a crankshaft positioned within the crankcase chamber. The piston is coupled to the crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block. The valve train includes a camshaft, a first and second pushrod, a first and second rocker arm, an exhaust valve housed, and an intake valve. The first rocker arm, the second rocker arm, the exhaust valve, and the intake valve each include at least a layer of a low friction material. The first and second pushrod each pass through a pushrod seal to prevent fluid from reaching the rocker chamber to fluidly isolate the rocker chamber from the crankcase chamber.

Intake and exhaust cam shafts are disposed a cylinder head in a vertical direction. The cylinder head comprises a first through hole and a second through hole. The first through hole penetrates an upper surface deck from a deck surface towards a lower surface of the cylinder head. The deck surface is a surface constituting an upper surface deck of the cylinder head. The second through hole opens to a side surface of the cylinder head in which cam pulleys of intake and exhaust cam shafts are provided. The second through hole penetrates the upper surface deck along an axial direction of the intake and exhaust cam shafts. The second through hole is positioned vertically below an opening in the deck surface of the first through hole.

A multi-port rotary valve has penetrations in the form of annulus sectors through its stationary outer shell and through its rotating inner core, with the penetrations being situated so that, once during each rotation of the core, each core penetration overlaps and becomes volumetrically linked to a corresponding congruent pair of shell penetrations, thereby creating, in an ordered temporal sequence, high conductance flow passages that extend completely through the valve. The azimuth-angle locations of the penetrations determine the relative times at which the valve's flow passages begin to open. The central angles of the penetrations determine the duration of the time intervals for which the flow passages are open or partially open. The radial extent of the penetrations determines the conductance of the flow passages.

In an internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, and has a cam chain chamber on a side of the cylinder block, a beam member that traverses the cam chain chamber is disposed in the cam chain chamber.