A constant volume combustion system includes at least one combustion chamber having at least one admission port and an exhaust port. The system also includes at least one elastically deformable tongue made of ceramic matrix composite material forming an air admission valve, the tongue being present inside the chamber and being positioned facing the admission port, the tongue having a first end that is stationary relative to an inside wall of the chamber and a second end, opposite from the first end, the second end being free and movable relative to the inside wall.

A valve arrangement for a cylinder of an internal combustion engine arrangement includes a check valve configured to be positioned at an intake side port of the cylinder for controlling gas flow into the cylinder, wherein the valve arrangement further includes an intake valve arrangement positioned upstream from the check valve, and an actuating arrangement configured to controllably position the intake valve arrangement for closing the intake side port.

An exhaust valve assembly for a two-stroke internal combustion engine has a valve actuator, and a two-part valve having a primary and secondary valves defining first and second decompression passages respectively. The primary valve is operatively connected to the valve actuator. The primary valve is in first, second and third primary valve positions when the valve actuator is in first, second and third actuator positions respectively. The secondary valve is in a first secondary valve position when the valve actuator is in the first or the second actuator position and in a second secondary valve position when the valve actuator is in the third actuator position. The first and second valve decompression passages fluidly communicate with each other when the valve actuator is in the second actuator position, and are fluidly separate from each other when the valve actuator is the first or the third actuator position.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

A reed valve includes a first valve body portion that includes one or more inlet apertures fluidly coupled to a tapered second valve body portion that includes one or more outlet apertures. The reed valve includes at least one sealing surface disposed proximate the one or more outlet apertures and at least one petal continuously, reversibly, displaceable between an OPEN position permitting forward flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture and a CLOSED position preventing reverse flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture. The reed valve may be installed in an airbox assembly used with a turbocharged engine to reduce the occurrence of turbo-lag on acceleration.

A reed valve includes a first valve body portion that includes one or more inlet apertures fluidly coupled to a tapered second valve body portion that includes one or more outlet apertures. The reed valve includes at least one sealing surface disposed proximate the one or more outlet apertures and at least one petal continuously, reversibly, displaceable between an OPEN position permitting forward flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture and a CLOSED position preventing reverse flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture. The reed valve may be installed in an airbox assembly used with a turbocharged engine to reduce the occurrence of turbo-lag on acceleration.

A reed valve includes a first valve body portion that includes one or more inlet apertures fluidly coupled to a tapered second valve body portion that includes one or more outlet apertures. The reed valve includes at least one sealing surface disposed proximate the one or more outlet apertures and at least one petal continuously, reversibly, displaceable between an OPEN position permitting forward flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture and a CLOSED position preventing reverse flow through the reed valve when a fluid pressure proximate the at least one outlet aperture exceeds a fluid pressure proximate the at least one inlet aperture. The reed valve may be installed in an airbox assembly used with a turbocharged engine to reduce the occurrence of turbo-lag on acceleration.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

A turbocharger for an engine includes a housing, a shaft, a turbine wheel mounted to the shaft for rotation therewith, a compressor wheel mounted to the shaft for rotation therewith, and a bearing cartridge rotatably supporting the shaft relative to the housing. The housing is positioned axially between the turbine and compressor wheels. The bearing cartridge includes an inner ring mounted to the shaft, an outer ring disposed between the inner ring and the housing and movable relative to the housing, and a first and a second plurality of roller elements axially spaced apart from one another and disposed radially between the inner and outer rings to rotatably support the inner ring relative to the outer ring. A radial gap (RD) is defined between the outer ring (134) and the housing (126). Lubricant flows into the radial gap and radially separates the outer ring from the housing during operation of the turbocharger.

Internal combustion engines having a split crankshaft are disclosed. The engines may also have non-circular, preferably rectangular, cross-section pistons and cylinders. The pistons may include a skirt with a field of pockets that provide a ringless, non-lubricated, seal equivalent. The pistons also may have a domed piston head with depressions thereon to facilitate the movement of air/charge in the cylinder. The engines also may use multi-stage poppet valves in lieu of conventional poppet valves. The engines may use the pumping motion of the engine piston to supercharge the cylinder with air/charge. The engines also may operate in an inverted orientation in which the piston is closer to the local gravitationally dominant terrestrial body's center of gravity at top dead center position than at bottom dead center position.