A method of producing an additive supplement that when combined with a motor oil licensable with the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee creates a second motor oil that meets the standards of the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee by first selecting a desired motor oil and a standard motor oil, wherein the desired motor oil comprises a desired base oil component and a desired additive component and the standard motor oil contains a standard base oil component and a standard additive component. A differentiating additive component is produced by determining the additive component differences between the desired additive component and the standard additive component. This differentiating additive component is determined by using equal amounts of the standard motor oil and the desired motor oil. An optional step can then be performed of adding additional additives to the differentiating additive component to produce a preferred additive component. Sufficient base oil is then incorporated to the preferred additive component to produce an additive supplement.

A method of producing an additive supplement that when combined with a motor oil licensable with the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee creates a second motor oil that meets the standards of the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee by first selecting a desired motor oil and a standard motor oil, wherein the desired motor oil comprises a desired base oil component and a desired additive component and the standard motor oil contains a standard base oil component and a standard additive component. A differentiating additive component is produced by determining the additive component differences between the desired additive component and the standard additive component. This differentiating additive component is determined by using equal amounts of the standard motor oil and the desired motor oil. An optional step can then be performed of adding additional additives to the differentiating additive component to produce a preferred additive component. Sufficient base oil is then incorporated to the preferred additive component to produce an additive supplement.

An internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine interior and a lubricant disposed in the internal combustion engine interior. The lubricant lubricates a component disposed in the internal combustion engine interior and the lubricant is a water-containing lubricant. In an embodiment, the internal combustion engine interior is fluidically connected to an environment surrounding the internal combustion engine by a ventilation device where the ventilation device has a semipermeable membrane which is impermeable to water and water vapor.

An internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine interior and a lubricant disposed in the internal combustion engine interior. The lubricant lubricates a component disposed in the internal combustion engine interior and the lubricant is a water-containing lubricant. In an embodiment, the internal combustion engine interior is fluidically connected to an environment surrounding the internal combustion engine by a ventilation device where the ventilation device has a semipermeable membrane which is impermeable to water and water vapor.

A method of producing an additive supplement that when combined with a motor oil licensable with the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee creates a second motor oil that meets the standards of the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee by first selecting a desired motor oil and a standard motor oil, wherein the desired motor oil comprises a desired base oil component and a desired additive component and the standard motor oil contains a standard base oil component and a standard additive component. A differentiating additive component is produced by determining the additive component differences between the desired additive component and the standard additive component. This differentiating additive component is determined by using equal amounts of the standard motor oil and the desired motor oil. An optional step can then be performed of adding additional additives to the differentiating additive component to produce a preferred additive component. Sufficient base oil is then incorporated to the preferred additive component to produce an additive supplement.

A method of producing an additive supplement that when combined with a motor oil licensable with the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee creates a second motor oil that meets the standards of the American Petroleum Institute and the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee by first selecting a desired motor oil and a standard motor oil, wherein the desired motor oil comprises a desired base oil component and a desired additive component and the standard motor oil contains a standard base oil component and a standard additive component. A differentiating additive component is produced by determining the additive component differences between the desired additive component and the standard additive component. This differentiating additive component is determined by using equal amounts of the standard motor oil and the desired motor oil. An optional step can then be performed of adding additional additives to the differentiating additive component to produce a preferred additive component. Sufficient base oil is then incorporated to the preferred additive component to produce an additive supplement.

A process for production of cylinder oil comprises providing used oil, providing fresh cylinder oil, and blending the used oil with the fresh cylinder oil. The used oil has a lower TBN value than the fresh cylinder oil. A process for the operation of an internal combustion engine comprises preparing cylinder oil as described and using the cylinder oil in the internal combustion engine. An apparatus for the preparation of a cylinder oil comprises a blending means for blending used oil and fresh cylinder oil. The blending means is in flow communication with at least one compartment of an internal combustion engine that comprises used oil or at least one storage compartment comprising used oil, at least one storage compartment for fresh cylinder oil, and at least one cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Used oil and fresh cylinder oil are used for the preparation of cylinder oil.

A process for production of cylinder oil comprises providing used oil, providing fresh cylinder oil, and blending the used oil with the fresh cylinder oil. The used oil has a lower TBN value than the fresh cylinder oil. A process for the operation of an internal combustion engine comprises preparing cylinder oil as described and using the cylinder oil in the internal combustion engine. An apparatus for the preparation of a cylinder oil comprises a blending means for blending used oil and fresh cylinder oil. The blending means is in flow communication with at least one compartment of an internal combustion engine that comprises used oil or at least one storage compartment comprising used oil, at least one storage compartment for fresh cylinder oil, and at least one cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Used oil and fresh cylinder oil are used for the preparation of cylinder oil.

The present invention relates to methods of forming a film between two surfaces, in which the film includes diamond-like carbon. Also provided herein are uses of such films, such in sliding contacts and in metal coatings.

An oil blending system for a marine diesel two-stroke engine and/or generator comprises a blender having at least one inlet for receiving a lubrication oil and at least one other component and at least one outlet for outputting a mixed lubrication oil composition to the engine or generator. A blender controller is configured to receive parameter data on the current lubrication oil status used in the engine or generator and receive parameter data on the current engine and/or generator status. The blender controller is also configured to automatically determine whether the currently used lubrication oil is within a predetermined parameter range based on the current engine and/or generator status. If the current lubrication oil is outside a predetermined parameter threshold, the blender controller is configured to determine a new lubrication oil composition for the engine or generator.