An engine system includes: an ammonia engine; a reforming device that has a reforming catalyst for cracking ammonia gas into hydrogen and configured to reform ammonia gas to generate reformed gas containing hydrogen; and a control unit. The control unit includes: a purge controller configured to control a reforming injector so as to be closed and control a reforming throttle valve so as to be opened, after an ignition switch gives an instruction of a stop of the ammonia engine; and an engine stop controller configured to control main injectors so as to be closed, after the ignition switch gives the instruction of the stop of the ammonia engine.

Devices and methods for reducing emissions, e.g., hydrocarbons, NOx, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), and carbon monoxide (CO) from an internal combustion engine burning a hydrocarbon fuel. The devices include a mixture of tourmaline, quartz, and a holographic film within a non-metallic housing. The device containing the mixture and the holographic film is then charged. After charging the device, treating hydrocarbon fuel is taught by exposing the hydrocarbon fuel to the charged device before combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine.

The invention provides a hybrid power system, which integrates an internal combustion engine with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and provides power for the vehicle through the internal combustion engine at first in the preheating stage of the SOFC stack, thereby solving the problem that an SOFC stack is unable to provide power for the vehicle in the preheating stage. At the same time, the internal combustion engine burns fuel gas, outputs high temperature exhaust gas, heats the heat exchanger with the high temperature exhaust gas, then discharges the exhaust gas from an exhaust turbine and inhales air from the outside of the system. The air first passes through an air preheater, then passes through a heat exchanger and then enters the inside of the SOFC stack, preheats the air preheater through an air pipeline and then is discharged. After multiple cycles, the preheating of the SOFC stack is completed. As the air preheater is connected to the heat exchanger in series to heat the air, the heating speed of the air entering the SOFC stack is raised, the preheating time is shortened and a quick start of the SOFC stack is achieved so that the SOFC stack can be used to achieve the purpose of providing power for the vehicle efficiently.

A method of operating an engine includes igniting a combustible mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine, which produces exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are ejected into an exhaust manifold of the engine to create a primary exhaust stream. A portion of the exhaust gases is separated from the primary exhaust stream to create a secondary exhaust stream. Air and fuel are then mixed with the secondary exhaust stream to form a reformer feed mixture. The reformer feed mixture is reacted in a catalytic reformer to create a reformate exhaust stream, which is then mixed with an intake air stream to create a mixed air stream. The mixed air stream is the fed to the combustion chamber of the engine as the combustible mixture.

An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

An engine system for internal combustion and reformation of a fuel includes an engine, and a reforming reactor. The engine comprising an intake manifold for receiving a first fuel and an exhaust manifold for releasing an exhaust gas. The reforming reactor includes a first end portion, a second end, a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior cavity for receiving the first fuel, a second fuel, reactants for the first fuel, or combinations thereof. The exhaust manifold of the system is sized and shaped for receiving a portion of the reforming reactor such that the exhaust gas flows along a surface of the reforming reactor within the exhaust manifold.

An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

Provided is a CO.sub.2 recovery device of an internal combustion engine capable of efficiently recovering CO.sub.2 emitted from an internal combustion engine or CO.sub.2 in the air, and of efficiently synthesizing methane using CO.sub.2. A CO.sub.2 recovery device of an internal combustion engine includes a CO.sub.2 capturing material disposed at a through channel of gas including CO.sub.2 to capture CO.sub.2 in the gas, and methanation catalyst to let CO.sub.2 desorbed from the CO.sub.2 capturing material react with H.sub.2 obtained from a H.sub.2 supply source to generate methane. The CO.sub.2 recovery device has a function to raise temperature of the CO.sub.2 capturing material using heat generated from the internal combustion engine to desorb CO.sub.2.

Engine exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the engine exhaust system comprising an exhaust conduit (14) connected to an engine (30), an exhaust gas return conduit (32,33) such that at least a part of the exhaust gas can be returned to the engine. The exhaust gas return conduit, at least along a part of its length, is formed with at least two flow paths (48,49). The engine exhaust system further comprises a particle filter arranged in each of the at least two flow paths and at least one cold flame vaporizer (11) in which fuel is partially oxidized in preheated air to form a cold flame gas. The at least one cold flame vaporizer is arranged in fluid communication with all the flow paths such that the cold flame gas can flow through the particle filters, whereby the cold flame gas can be used to regenerate the particle filter in at least one of the exhaust flow paths while, simultaneously, exhaust gas can flow through the other exhaust flow path or exhaust flow paths. A method for the cleaning of a particle filter is also provided.

In an internal combustion engine of the present invention, an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon supply valve (15) are disposed in an engine exhaust path, and NO.sub.x contained in exhaust gas is purified by injecting hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15) at a predetermined cycle. With respect to the injection amount per unit time of the hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15), there is a difference provided between the first half and the second half of one injection time period, and in the first-half injection time period (Y), the injection amount per unit time of hydrocarbon is made to be less as compared to the second-half injection time period (X).