A method of coating a substrate with a foam is described. The method comprises: (a) introducing a foam into a substrate comprising a plurality of channels through open ends of the channels at a first end of the substrate; and (b) applying at least one of (i) a vacuum to open ends of the channels at a second end of the substrate and (ii) a pressure to the open ends of the channels at the first end of the substrate; wherein the foam comprises a particulate material, and wherein the foam is particle stabilized.

An emissions control device for treating or removing pollutants from an exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The emissions control device comprises a solid foam layer disposed on a substrate, wherein the solid foam layer disposed on a substrate has an open cell structure and comprises a particulate material which is a catalytic material comprising a catalytically active metal supported on a support material.

A method of coating a substrate with a foam is described. The method comprises: (a) introducing a foam into a substrate comprising a plurality of channels through open ends of the channels at a first end of the substrate; and (b) applying at least one of (i) a vacuum to open ends of the channels at a second end of the substrate and (ii) a pressure to the open ends of the channels at the first end of the substrate; wherein the foam comprises a particulate material, and wherein the foam is particle stabilized.

A heating device includes a heating element in the form of a metal foam, and a case defined by a side wall that extends along a longitudinal axis. The metal foam is housed in the case. An electrical thermal insulator is arranged between the metal foam and the case. The heating device includes at least one electrode and the metal foam includes a zone configured to receive the at least one electrode.

A purification device includes a tubular shell having an inner surface and an electric heating member housed in the tubular shell. The heating member comprises a heating element made of an electrically conductive material which is permeable to exhaust gases; The device also includes an attachment of the heating element directly on the inner surface.

Described herein are catalytic converter substrates or cores based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) geometries, along with methods of making and using the same.

A heating device includes a heating element in the form of a metal foam, and a case defined by a side wall that extends along a longitudinal axis. The metal foam is housed in the case. An electrical thermal insulator is arranged between the metal foam and the case. The heating device includes at least one electrode and the metal foam includes a zone configured to receive the at least one electrode.

A catalysis substrate, which includes an open cell carbon foam substrate having a geometric surface area of at least about 5000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, wherein the substrate includes a catalytic metal.

A vehicle exhaust gas reduction system positioned in an exhaust system of an engine includes: an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) of heating exhaust gas of the engine by electrically generating heat; a sub-gasoline particulate filter (Sub GPF) heated by operation of the EHC to combust a particulate number (PN) included in the exhaust gas; a main gasoline particulate filter (Main GPF) of purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the engine; and a controller configured for performing PN reduction control by operating the EHC to be On in a low-temperature condition, and increasing a temperature of the Sub GPF to a reference temperature at which soot combustion is possible, combusting the PN passing through the Sub GPF and soot collected in the Sub GPF.

A catalysis substrate, which includes an open cell carbon foam substrate having a geometric surface area of at least about 5000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, wherein the substrate includes a catalytic metal.