Clamping apparatus is provided including clamp means for clamping two or more items together in use. The clamping means are arranged to move between a clamped and an unclamped position in use. Attachment means are provided on or associated with the clamping means for attaching one or more components to said clamping means in use. The components consist of any or any combination of one or more sensor means, one or more dispensing means or one or more electronic components. The clamping means includes at least one band member. The at least one band member forms an outer band and the attachment means are provided on or associated with at least an additional band member in the form of an inner band or segment that is provided with or associated with the outer band.

The dual function exhaust system attachment, which is preferably used with an all-terrain vehicle, includes a muffler, a silencing cap, and a sound-enhancing plug. In a quiet configuration, the silencing cap is mounted to conceal a primary outlet of the muffler. In a loud configuration, the sound-enhancing plug is mounted to conceal a secondary outlet of the muffler. A set of screw threads or sealing mechanism may be used to mount the silencing cap and the sound-enhancing plug. A primary perforated barrier, a solid barrier, at least one secondary perforated barrier, and a pipe section are positioned within a hollow structural body of the muffler to guide the exhaust gas flow from an inlet of the muffler to the primary outlet or the secondary outlet.

A probe carrier arrangement, especially for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, includes a probe socket (14) provided at a probe carrier body (12). The probe socket (14) has at least one insert-receiving opening (24) extending in a direction of an insert-receiving opening longitudinal axis (E). A probe carrier insert (28) is arranged in the insert-receiving opening (24). The probe carrier insert (28) has at least one probe-receiving opening (36) extending in a direction of a probe-receiving opening longitudinal axis (S).

An exhaust system probe socket has an essentially hollow cylindrically configured first body, which has a planar circular ring surface on a first end face and a second body with a flat circular ring surface at a first end. The second body has a passage with a diameter that corresponds to or is greater than an internal diameter of the first body. A second end of the second body is configured to make possible a gastight connection of the probe socket to a connection surface by compensating geometric deviations of the connection surface from a plane. The first and second bodies contact one another in an area of a second end face of the first body and of the flat circular ring surface and are welded to one another with a weld seam extending circumferentially around the first body to gastightly connect the bodies to one another.

An electrically heated catalyst has a catalyst body and a housing at least circumferentially surrounding the catalyst body. An electrical contacting assembly is arranged on a shell surface of the catalyst body, the electrical contacting assembly comprising a surface electrode arranged directly on the catalyst body and a contacting element connected to the surface electrode. The contacting element is rigid and has a screw thread.

An electrically heated catalyst has a catalyst body and a housing at least circumferentially surrounding the catalyst body. An electrical contacting assembly is arranged on a shell surface of the catalyst body, the electrical contacting assembly comprising a surface electrode arranged directly on the catalyst body and a contacting element connected to the surface electrode. The contacting element is rigid and has a screw thread.

A connection unit for connecting an electrical supply line to an exhaust gas heater of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes an electrically conductive connection element. The connection element has a heater connection region in a first end region and a supply line connection region in a second end region. A carrier has a receiving opening, wherein the connection element is arranged and has a support region. A first insulating element is arranged in the opening and surrounds the support region. A second insulating element is arranged on a first end face of the carrier. The connection element is supported with respect to the first end face via the second insulating element. A third insulating element is arranged on a second end face of the carrier. The connection element is supported with respect to this second end face via the third insulating element.

Clamping apparatus is provided including clamp means for clamping two or more items together in use. The clamping means are arranged to move between a clamped and an unclamped position in use. Attachment means are provided on or associated with the clamping means for attaching one or more components to said clamping means in use. The components consist of any or any combination of one or more sensor means, one or more dispensing means or one or more electronic components. The clamping means includes at least one band member. The at least one band member forms an outer band and the attachment means are provided on or associated with at least an additional band member in the form of an inner band or segment that is provided with or associated with the outer band.

A soot separator utilizing a toroid portion to centrifugally separate soot particles from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Upon lesser or no flow of exhaust gas, gravity causes the retained particles to fall within the bottom of the separator. The soot separator further includes a baffle to deflect particles and further enhance soot removal. A method utilizing this soot separator and association with an internal combustion engine are also described herein.

A urea solution injection device includes an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas generated in a combustion chamber to the exterior; an injector is installed and pierces into the exhaust pipe to inject urea solution into the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe. A catalyst is disposed at a position after the injector when viewed in a flow direction of the exhaust gas and the exhaust gas is discharged to the exterior to decompose the exhaust gas mixed with the urea solution. A urea solution mixer is provided at an end of the injector and installed and pierces into the exhaust pipe. Accordingly the urea solution injected from the injector is dispersed therein. An installation unit provides for the urea solution mixer to be installed in the exhaust pipe and pierces into the exhaust pipe.