An exhaust system includes an exhaust line configured to receive an exhaust mixture. The exhaust system further includes an oscillating assembly connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a feedback path extending from an external gas source to the oscillating assembly, wherein the feedback path is separate from the exhaust line.

An exhaust system includes an exhaust line configured to receive an exhaust mixture. The exhaust system further includes an oscillating assembly connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a feedback path extending from an external gas source to the oscillating assembly, wherein the feedback path is separate from the exhaust line.

A method of using an exhaust system includes activating an oscillating assembly connected to an exhaust line, wherein the oscillating assembly is configured to vibrate the exhaust line. The method further includes measuring a value indicating a flow of particles through the exhaust line. The method further includes comparing the value with a predetermined threshold value. The method further includes increasing a rate of vibration of the exhaust line in response to the value being below the predetermined threshold value.

A method of using an exhaust system includes activating an oscillating assembly connected to an exhaust line, wherein the oscillating assembly is configured to vibrate the exhaust line. The method further includes measuring a value indicating a flow of particles through the exhaust line. The method further includes comparing the value with a predetermined threshold value. The method further includes increasing a rate of vibration of the exhaust line in response to the value being below the predetermined threshold value.

An exhaust system includes an inlet configured to receive an exhaust mixture. The exhaust system further includes an exhaust line connected to the inlet. The exhaust system further includes an oscillating assembly connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a by-pass line connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a feedback path extending from an external gas source to the oscillating assembly, wherein the feedback path is separate from the exhaust line.

A stainless steel that includes chromium and other alloying element as a plurality of alloying elements including: a base material layer including chromium of a specified chromium content necessary for forming a passive film or more; and a superficial layer including chromium at a lower chromium content than the chromium content contained in the base material layer, and the superficial layer including the other alloying elements at a same content of the other alloying element as the content of the other alloying element contained in the base material layer.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) circuit for connecting an exhaust stream to an intake of the engine, wherein the EGR circuit comprises a heat exchanger and the heat exchanger includes a surface comprising a urea hydrolysis catalyst; and a urea injector for providing urea to the surface of the heat exchanger coated with the urea hydrolysis catalyst, and means for introducing resulting ammonia to the exhaust stream.

An exhaust system includes an inlet configured to receive an exhaust mixture. The exhaust system further includes an exhaust line connected to the inlet. The exhaust system further includes an oscillating assembly connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a by-pass line connected to the exhaust line. The exhaust system further includes a feedback path extending from an external gas source to the oscillating assembly, wherein the feedback path is separate from the exhaust line.

A diesel engine aftertreatment system comprises a diesel engine having an exhaust manifold and a filter substrate in direct connection with the exhaust manifold without any intervening catalyst, wherein the filter substrate comprises on its inlet side an SCR catalyst incorporating a non-coking molecular sieve.