A selective catalytic reduction catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream of a passive ignition engine, the catalyst comprising a porous wall-flow filter substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length (w) extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by porous internal walls of the porous wall flow filter substrate; wherein the catalyst further comprises a first coating, said first coating extending over x % of the substrate axial length from the inlet end toward the outlet end of the substrate, x being in the range of from 10 to 100, wherein the first coating comprises copper and an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material; wherein the catalyst further comprises a second coating, the second coating extending over y % of the substrate axial length from the outlet end toward the inlet end of the substrate, y being in the range of from 20 to 90, wherein the second coating comprises copper, and optionally an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material; wherein the catalyst optionally further comprises a third coating; wherein x+y is at least 90; wherein y % of w from the outlet end toward the inlet end of the substrate define the outlet zone of the coated substrate and (100−y) % of w from the inlet end toward the outlet end of the substrate define the inlet zone of the coated substrate; wherein the ratio of the loading of copper in the inlet zone, Cu(in), calculated as CuO, relative to the loading of copper in the outlet zone, Cu(out), calculated as CuO, Cu(in):Cu(out), is less than 1:1.

The present invention is applied to an exhaust system provided with a three-way catalyst and a NOx catalyst which are provided in an exhaust passage of an engine and to which sulfur components in exhaust adhere and release the attached sulfur components by rich components in exhaust, and NOx sensors provided downstream of the catalysts. The NOx sensor is a limiting current type sensor. It is determined whether a sulfur release state is present in which a sulfur component is released from the three-way catalyst and the NOx catalyst. When it is determined that it is in the state of sulfur release, reaction suppression processing for suppressing the reaction between oxygen and sulfur components in the pump cell electrodes and the monitor cell electrodes of the NOx sensors is performed.

A modular exhaust subsystem for purifying an exhaust gas feedstream of a compression-ignition internal combustion engine upstream of a base exhaust aftertreatment system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a first exhaust gas sensor and a first temperature sensor that are arranged to monitor the SCR catalyst. A reductant delivery system is arranged to inject a reductant upstream of the SCR catalyst. A controller is in communication with an engine-out exhaust gas sensor, a second exhaust gas sensor and a second temperature sensor that are arranged to monitor the base exhaust aftertreatment system. The controller controls the reductant delivery system to inject the reductant into the exhaust gas feedstream upstream of the SCR catalyst based upon inputs from the first and second exhaust gas sensors, the engine-out exhaust gas sensor, and the first and second temperature sensors.

The fluid chamber system can include: a chamber housing, a capture medium, an internal support structure, and/or any other suitable components. The system can optionally include a thermal management system. However, the system can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable set of components. The system preferably functions to direct an input fluid (e.g., vehicle exhaust) through the capture medium and/or harvest one or more target species (e.g., carbon dioxide) from the input fluid (e.g., vehicle exhaust).

There is provided an exhaust gas purification system including: a NOx storage-reduction catalyst that is provided in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine to reduce and purify NOx in exhaust gas; a degree of deterioration estimation module 120 for estimating a degree of deterioration of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst; a regeneration control unit 100 for executing a regeneration process in which exhaust gas is enriched so as to restore a NOx storage capacity of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst; an interval setting module for setting a target interval from an end of the regeneration process to a start of the subsequent regeneration process by the regeneration control unit; and an interval target value correction module for correcting the target interval based on the degree of deterioration that is estimated by the degree of deterioration estimation module.

There is provided: a NOx occlusion reduction-type catalyst that is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, occludes NOx in exhaust when the exhaust is in a lean state, and reduces and purifies the occluded NOx when the exhaust is in a rich state; an exhaust injector that is provided in the exhaust passage and is positioned further upstream than the NOx occlusion reduction-type catalyst; a NOx-purging control unit that performs NOx purging of reducing and purifying the NOx occluded in the NOx occlusion reduction-type catalyst by lowering the exhaust to a prescribed target lambda by fuel injection by the exhaust injector; and a NOx-purging-prohibition processing unit that inhibits performance of the NOx purging in a case where the exhaust cannot be lowered to the target lambda even if the fuel injection is performed at a maximum limit injection amount of the exhaust injector.

A method is provided for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine by means of successive actuation of catalytic converters in the exhaust tract and of the internal combustion engine, wherein the catalytic converters or the internal combustion engine are actuated in succession if the actuation of a first device is not sufficient for reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions. An arrangement for carrying out the method is also provided.

When a catalyst temperature of a catalyst device is at or below a lower limit air-fuel ratio richness control is prohibited. When a first timing, where an estimated value of a NOx storage amount has reached an enrichment start threshold value, and a second timing, based on a set interval time in an enrichment interval time map, are both satisfied, the control is started. The second timing is corrected by multiplying the set interval time by an enrichment interval correction coefficient preset based on the catalyst temperature and a storage ratio of the estimated value of the NOx storage amount to an enrichment start threshold value of the NOx storage amount. The frequency of the air-fuel ratio richness control of a catalyst device configured to recover a purification capacity of a catalyst is reduced, and the catalyst temperature is raised while preventing white smoke development and hydrocarbon slip, to thereby achieve improvement in exhaust gas composition and improvement in fuel efficiency.

Aspects of the present invention relate to a control system for a vehicle (10) and an associated method of controlling a vehicle (10). The control system comprises one or more controllers, the control system being configured to: receive at least one identity signal indicative of an identity of a driver of the vehicle (10); determine a driver profile in accordance with a driver identity indicated by the or each identity signal; estimate a driver intent in accordance with the driver profile; and schedule a vehicle action in accordance with the driver intent.

A system for mobile carbon capture, preferably including a capture module, a regeneration module, and a storage module 130. The system can optionally include a thermal control module and/or a dehumidifier. A method for mobile carbon capture, preferably including adsorbing a target species, desorbing the target species, and storing the target species. The method can optionally include pre-treating input gas, offloading stored species, and/or regenerating desiccators.