An exhaust system is described comprising an array of a plurality of operably coupled fluid treatment apparatus for the treatment of a fluid substance. Each one of the plurality of fluid treatment apparatus comprises a reactor chamber defined by a perimeter wall; a fluid inlet adapted to provide fluid communication from an external supply of a fluid substance to be treated to said reactor chamber whereby said fluid substance passes into and through said reactor chamber; a fluid outlet adapted to provide a fluid communication from said reactor chamber whereby said fluid substance passes from said reactor chamber; at least one electromagnetic radiation (EMR) waveguide, having a waveguide input port and a waveguide output port, operably coupled within said reactor chamber and adapted to couple electromagnetic radiation of at least one predetermined wavelength to a fluid substance passing through said reactor chamber, wherein said perimeter wall of said reactor chamber is adapted to force said fluid substance received from said fluid inlet and passing through said reactor chamber into a continuous swirling flow towards said fluid outlet. The exhaust system in an embodiment further comprises a housing, having at least one exhaust inlet port and at least one exhaust outlet port, adapted to operably receive and enclose said array of a plurality of operably coupled fluid treatment apparatus, and at least one fluid tight seal member, adapted to engage with at least an outer surface of said array of a plurality of operably coupled fluid treatment apparatus, so as to provide a fluid tight seal between an inner surface of said housing and said at least one outer surface of said array of a plurality of operably coupled fluid treatment apparatus.

A hydrocarbon reclamator consists of a closed chamber having an exhaust inlet port, a hydrogen inlet port, and a hydrocarbon outlet port. A magnetic flux is generated at the base of the closed chamber and a rotor is suspended by the magnetic flux within the closed chamber. The rotor is formed as a Tesla turbine having axially spaced discs concentrically mounted on a central shaft, a catalyst is formed on surfaces of the discs, and flow holes are formed through the discs. Venturi forces direct gas to release kinetic energy against the discs, so that hydrogen entering the chamber combines with carbon entering the chamber to form a hydrocarbon that exits the chamber via the hydrocarbon outlet port.

A system, apparatus, and method are provided for preventing the accumulation of particulate matter such as combustion soot on sensors positioned in exhaust gas conduits of internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a device for deflecting soot deposits from sensor surfaces. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a device employing a surface acoustic wave generator for dislodging soot accumulation or measuring soot accumulations to trigger burn-off events. In an embodiment, an injector injects pressurized bursts of gas toward a sensor surface to dislodge particulate matter. In an embodiment, charged electrodes attract charged particles of soot from the exhaust gas flow to form deposits that are then subject to burn-off events.

An exhaust gas heating element comprises a wafer that is substantially cylindrical with an axis and is made of metallic foam. A flexible, electrical insulating sheet covers an edge of the wafer with an overlap on each face of the wafer. A rigid assembly ring, a housing, and two electrodes are also provided. The rigid assembly ring is made from a cylinder trunk, at least a first edge of which is serrated in such a way as to be able to immobilize the wafer and the flexible, electrical insulating sheet in the rigid assembly ring by folding teeth, substantially at 90°.

Separation of carbon dioxide from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, the production of hydrogen from water, and reformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into relatively high-octane fuel components.

A heating device comprises a heating element, permeable to the exhaust gas, and intended to be traversed by the exhaust gas flowing in a longitudinal direction. The heating element comprises two electrical poles, and two electrodes, each electrode being solidly attached to a respective electrical pole. Each electrode has a generally elongated shape along a respective elongation direction. At least one of the electrodes has a direction of elongation substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.

An exhaust system that includes a catalytic converter, selective catalytic reduction system, a muffler and, for certain applications, a diesel particulate filter that each include at least one filter that has an electric heating element, a metallic coating and a plurality of metal rods extending therethrough. The combination of elements are configured to heat the internal housings of the exhaust system and disrupt the direction of flow of exhaust gases which contain harmful toxic gases and pollutants and aid in removing and/or reducing said toxic gases and pollutants.

An exhaust system includes an electrically conductive shell defining an exhaust pathway. The shell includes a tapered portion that tapers inward toward a longitudinal axis of the shell to define a narrowing region of the exhaust pathway. The exhaust system further includes an ionization assembly and an electrical subsystem that applies an electrical potential difference between the shell and at least a portion of the ionization assembly located within the exhaust pathway. The ionization assembly includes a support arm located within the exhaust pathway that extends into the narrowing region of the exhaust pathway. The ionization assembly further includes a plurality of electrically conductive discs mounted on and supported by the support arm. The ionization assembly is electrically insulated from the shell by an electrically insulating support structure.

An apparatus for reducing toxic gases from exhaust of a vehicle comprises a shell disposed in line with an exhaust path of a vehicle and an electrode that passes through the shell. Further, the apparatus comprises a power control system programmed to supply at least 120 kV to the electrode at a predefined pulse rate, which creates an arc of electricity forms between the electrode and a first screen. A substrate coated with an oxidizer is disposed within the shell downstream from the first screen. Further, a second screen is disposed within the shell downstream from the substrate such that the substrate is disposed between the first screen and the second screen.

A catalytic converter includes at least one heating element that is configured to disrupt the direction of flow of exhaust gases which contain harmful toxic gases and pollutants and aid in removing and/or reducing said toxic gases and pollutants.