A combustion engine having at least one cylinder, wherein the at least one cylinder has a main combustion chamber for burning a fuel/air mixture or a fuel/air/exhaust gas mixture and has a flushed prechamber connected to the main combustion chamber via at least one overflow duct on the fluid side, and comprises at least one exhaust gas turbocharger which has a turbine for the expansion of the at exhaust gas leaving the at least one cylinder and a compressor for compressing fresh air or a fresh air/exhaust gas mixture to be supplied to the at least one cylinder as compressed charge-air. For the supply of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber charge-air line is disposed in a charge-air line downstream of the compressor and for the supply of the prechamber, a prechamber flushing line branching off at an extraction point is formed.

Disclosed is a transport refrigeration unit (TRU) having: an engine configured to power a refrigeration system of the TRU, the engine including an air intake, the engine within an engine compartment of the TRU; an air management valve (AMV) fluidly coupled to the air intake; a first duct fluidly coupled to the AMV and including a first inlet within the engine compartment; and a second duct fluidly coupled to the AMV and including a second inlet that is exterior to the engine compartment and is configured to receive atmospheric air; wherein: the AMV is configured to modulate air into the engine from the first duct and the second duct, when a temperature of air within the AMV is above the first threshold and the temperature of air within the second duct is below the first threshold, to lower the temperature of air entering the engine to below the first threshold.

A split cycle internal combustion engine apparatus includes a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston and a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston. The apparatus is arranged to provide compressed fluid to the combustion cylinder. The compression cylinder is coupled to a first liquid coolant reservoir and a second liquid coolant reservoir. A controller is arranged to receive an indication of at least one parameter associated with the engine, and control delivery of at least one of the first liquid coolant from the first liquid coolant reservoir and the second liquid coolant from the second liquid coolant reservoir to the compression cylinder based on the indication of the at least one parameter such that the at least one liquid coolant vaporises into a gaseous phase during a compression stroke.

Split-cycle internal combustion engine comprising at least one compressor cylinder and at least one combustion cylinder each associated with a relating piston and a relating head, equipped with at least one admission valve and one exhaust valve of the combustor piston, first controller of the at least one admission valve and second controller of the at least one exhaust valve, the piston of the combustion cylinder is associated with a crankshaft by a crank mechanism and when the engine is in a firing condition the second controller is arranged to cause a first opening event of the at least one exhaust valve in a first predetermined angular position of the crankshaft and when the engine is in the engine braking condition the second controller is arranged to reposition the first event in a second predetermined angular position out of phase by 180 degrees with respect to the first angular position.

Systems and methods to increase the recharge rate of a supplemental cooling system are provided. The system may include a primary cooling system configured to cool a thermal load, a supplemental cooling system, and a thermoelectric cooling apparatus. The thermoelectric cooling apparatus may assist the primary cooling system in recharging the supplemental cooling system in response to the supplemental cooling system operating in a recharge state, to the availability of electrical capacity, and to one or more operating parameters of the primary cooling system falling outside a predetermined range, wherein the operating parameter affects a cooling capacity of the primary cooling system.

Methods and systems for reducing the temperature of the charge air provided to a turbocharged internal combustion engine. A supercharger is installed on the air intake path, upstream the turbocharger's compressor. A secondary charge air cooler is installed between the supercharger and the main compressor. This over-compresses the intake air, so that an expansion turbine installed downstream the turbocharger's compressor can cool the charge air and still provide sufficient charge air pressure into the intake manifold.

A low-temperature turbocompressor structural arrangement for an internal combustion engine for using energy that is available but unused during operation to cool the air supplied to the engine by supercharging. The temperature of the air compressed by the compressor is reduced by a cooling system and the air is then conveyed to a further turbine actuated by the intake air flow of the engine. The structural arrangement may be mounted in full or in part, and also each component may be fitted into existing systems.

The low-temperature turbocompressor structural arrangement for an internal combustion engine is a system for using the energy that is available but unused during operation of an internal combustion engine, for cooling the air supplied to said engine by supercharging, applicable to internal combustion engines of any type. The temperature of the air compressed by the compressor is reduced by a cooling system and the air is then conveyed to a further turbine actuated by the intake air flow of the engine, affording the benefits of enhancing engine performance levels, which may be used in order to obtain greater power or reduce consumption, since the denser air allows more fuel into the combustion chamber, achieving greater combustion, which increases the power-to-weight ratio, and the cooler air allows work at more aggressive compression and/or ignition advance ratios without problems of pre-ignition/pinking, thereby enhancing engine performance levels. The structural arrangement may be mounted in the integral form thereof or in partial forms, and also each component may be fitted into existing systems.

A split cycle internal combustion engine apparatus includes a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston and a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston. The apparatus is arranged to provide compressed fluid to the combustion cylinder. The compression cylinder is coupled to a first liquid coolant reservoir and a second liquid coolant reservoir. A controller is arranged to receive an indication of at least one parameter associated with the engine, and control delivery of at least one of the first liquid coolant from the first liquid coolant reservoir and the second liquid coolant from the second liquid coolant reservoir to the compression cylinder based on the indication of the at least one parameter such that the at least one liquid coolant vaporises into a gaseous phase during a compression stroke.

A utility vehicle including a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame supported by the ground-engaging members, and a powertrain assembly supported by the frame and including an engine supported by the frame, the engine including an exhaust side and a turbocharger operably coupled to the engine, the turbocharger having a turbine housing supporting a turbine and a compressor housing supporting a compressor, the turbocharger being positioned on the exhaust side of the engine and rearward of the engine, a space between the turbocharger and the engine being less than 9 inches.