Provided is an engine with a starter valve arranged in a compact space and with a cylinder head having a cooling water passage and a starter valve feeding compressed air to a combustion chamber. The starter valve is arranged parallel in the axial direction to a cylinder while fitted into a sleeve, and a portion of the cooling water passage is formed by the outer surface of the sleeve fitted into a starter valve insertion hole formed in the cylinder head. A starting air passage orthogonal to the axial direction of the starter valve insertion hole is formed in the cylinder head, and a portion of the wall surface of the starting air passage is formed by the end surface on one side of the sleeve.

Operating a dual fuel engine system includes injecting an early shot and a second shot of a liquid fuel into a cylinder after a late closing timing of an intake valve, and producing a first and a second pilot flame based on ignition of the early shot and the second shot of liquid fuel. The early shot of liquid fuel is targeted such that a distribution of ignition points of the first pilot flame is biased outwardly of a combustion bowl in the piston. Propagation of the first and second pilot flames from geometrically distinct ignition locations rapidly increases pressure and temperature in the cylinder to provide fast combustion of a lean mixture of a gaseous fuel and air in a main charge in the cylinder.

An internal combustion engine includes an intake conduit fluidically coupled to ambient fluid and having an internal cross-sectional area and an engine cylinder fluidically coupled to the intake conduit. A fluidic amplifier is disposed within the intake conduit and is fluidically coupled to the ambient fluid and engine cylinder. The amplifier is further fluidically coupled to a source of primary fluid and is configured to introduce the primary fluid and at least a portion of the ambient fluid to the engine cylinder.

Operating a dual fuel engine system includes injecting an early shot and a second shot of a liquid fuel into a cylinder after a late closing timing of an intake valve, and producing a first and a second pilot flame based on ignition of the early shot and the second shot of liquid fuel. The early shot of liquid fuel is targeted such that a distribution of ignition points of the first pilot flame is biased outwardly of a combustion bowl in the piston. Propagation of the first and second pilot flames from geometrically distinct ignition locations rapidly increases pressure and temperature in the cylinder to provide fast combustion of a lean mixture of a gaseous fuel and air in a main charge in the cylinder.

Operating a dual fuel engine system includes injecting an early shot and a second shot of a liquid fuel into a cylinder after a late closing timing of an intake valve, and producing a first and a second pilot flame based on ignition of the early shot and the second shot of liquid fuel. The early shot of liquid fuel is targeted such that a distribution of ignition points of the first pilot flame is biased outwardly of a combustion bowl in the piston. Propagation of the first and second pilot flames from geometrically distinct ignition locations rapidly increases pressure and temperature in the cylinder to provide fast combustion of a lean mixture of a gaseous fuel and air in a main charge in the cylinder.

A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system may selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel and a flowable adsorbent in order to separate the fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced fuel components. A controller may be used to determine a particular operating condition of the internal combustion engine such that the onboard fuel can be sent to one or more combustion chambers within the internal combustion engine without first passing through the separation unit during one operating condition, or instead to the separation unit in situations where the internal combustion engine may require an octane-rich or cetane-rich mixture in another operating condition.

A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system may selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel and a flowable adsorbent in order to separate the fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced fuel components. A controller may be used to determine a particular operating condition of the internal combustion engine such that the onboard fuel can be sent to one or more combustion chambers within the internal combustion engine without first passing through the separation unit during one operating condition, or instead to the separation unit in situations where the internal combustion engine may require an octane-rich or cetane-rich mixture in another operating condition.

Disclosed is a procedure to minimize NOx during varying engine loads in a 4-stroke diesel engine including at least one cylinder with a cylinder head, first piston on a connecting rod, one actuator mounted on the cylinder head and one of the actuator operated second piston lockable via a hydraulic circuit in various positions in a combustion chamber. The second piston, at the latest during the current compression stroke is actuated by the actuator and locked in the combustion chamber, where it by the first piston introduced air is compressed in a predetermined compression ratio to meet an existing engine load wherein the free operated inlet valve is brought to close the inlet stroke at a piston position where the volume of the combustion air as introduced at the end of the compression stroke gives the predetermined compression ratio and that the injector injects the stated amount of fuel.

Disclosed is a procedure to minimize NOx during varying engine loads in a 4-stroke diesel engine including at least one cylinder with a cylinder head, first piston on a connecting rod, one actuator mounted on the cylinder head and one of the actuator operated second piston lockable via a hydraulic circuit in various positions in a combustion chamber. The second piston, at the latest during the current compression stroke is actuated by the actuator and locked in the combustion chamber, where it by the first piston introduced air is compressed in a predetermined compression ratio to meet an existing engine load wherein the free operated inlet valve is brought to close the inlet stroke at a piston position where the volume of the combustion air as introduced at the end of the compression stroke gives the predetermined compression ratio and that the injector injects the stated amount of fuel.

A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system may selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel and a flowable adsorbent in order to separate the fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced fuel components. A controller may be used to determine a particular operating condition of the internal combustion engine such that the onboard fuel can be sent to one or more combustion chambers within the internal combustion engine without first passing through the separation unit during one operating condition, or instead to the separation unit in situations where the internal combustion engine may require an octane-rich or cetane-rich mixture in another operating condition.