A valve operating apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine includes an intake cam 38, an intake rocker arm 33 rotatable about a rotational shaft 35 and driven by the intake cam 38, and an intake valve 40 pushed by a pusher 70 of the intake rocker arm 33, the internal combustion engine has a cylinder assembly 12L lying horizontally, and the intake rocker arm 33 has a weight 67 adjusting the center of gravity of the rocker arm 33 to position the pusher 70 above the rotational shaft 35 while the intake cam 38 is held out of abutting contact with the intake rocker arm 33.

This invention has two main embodiments. An opposed piston 2-stroke axial engine and a 4-stroke axial engine. The opposed piston two stroke also offers an option of a novel cylinder deactivation design. Both, two stroke and four stroke engines share novel systems for coupling piston reciprocation to shaft rotation, piston and piston ring lubricant distribution, and provision for reacting out piston side load with minimum mechanical friction

A pair of cylinders (2, 5) are arranged in parallel at the two sides of a crankshaft (8). The cylinders (2, 5) are respectively provided with pairs of pistons (3, 4, 6, 7). The crankshaft (8) has a pair of crankpins (12, 13). The axes of these crankpins (12, 13) are slanted with respect to the axis of the crankshaft (8) in opposite directions. The crankpins (12, 13) have the rocker members (14, 15) attached to them to be able to turn. The tip ends of the arms (16) of the rocker member (14, 15) are connected to the connecting rods (11) of the corresponding pistons (3, 4, 6, 7). If the pistons (3, 4, 6, 7) reciprocate the rocker members (14, 15) engage in swinging motion and the crankshaft (8) rotates.

This invention has two main embodiments. An opposed piston 2-stroke axial engine and a 4-stroke axial engine. The opposed piston two stroke also offers an option of a novel cylinder deactivation design. Both, two stroke and four stroke engines share novel systems for coupling piston reciprocation to shaft rotation, piston and piston ring lubricant distribution, and provision for reacting out piston side load with minimum mechanical friction.

A valve operating apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine includes an intake cam 38, an intake rocker arm 33 rotatable about a rotational shaft 35 and driven by the intake cam 38, and an intake valve 40 pushed by a pusher 70 of the intake rocker arm 33, the internal combustion engine has a cylinder assembly 12L lying horizontally, and the intake rocker arm 33 has a weight 67 adjusting the center of gravity of the rocker arm 33 to position the pusher 70 above the rotational shaft 35 while the intake cam 38 is held out of abutting contact with the intake rocker arm 33.

An engine includes an engine housing defining a pair of cylinders, a pair of ignitor cylinders and a crankcase, a pair of cylinder heads connected to the engine housing and enclosing the pair of cylinders, a pair of spark plugs connected to the pair of cylinder heads and in communication with the pair of cylinders, a piston assembly in communication with the pair of cylinders, a rocker arm connected to the piston assembly, a connecting rod connected to the rocker arm, and a drive shaft disposed within the crankcase and connected to the connecting rod, a pair of ignitor cylinder plugs fit within the pair of ignitor cylinders, ignitor piston rod apertures formed though the engine housing, and rod aperture plugs fit within the piston rod apertures.

An internal combustion engine using a two stroke cycle includes a pair of opposing cylinder units, each of which are located on opposing sides of a crankcase. In each cylinder unit is a cylinder with a piston disposed in the cylinder. Each piston is coupled to a piston rod that is aligned along an axis that passes through the center of each cylinder bore. The piston rods pass through the crankcase wall into the crankcase chamber, and are further coupled to a yoke. Each cylinder unit has an intake channel from the crankcase chamber to a cylinder intake port in the cylinder. As the piston traverses its upstroke in its cylinder, it creates a vacuum under the piston. At the top of its stroke a piston intake port becomes aligned with the cylinder intake port, allow fuel to be drawn into the cylinder under the piston. As a result, a continuous vacuum is experienced in the crankcase without the need for mechanical valving arrangements.