A fuel circulation system of a diesel type engine configured to use carbonaceous aqueous slurry or emulsion fuels. The diesel type engine includes a fuel injection system which is fluidly connected to the fuel circulation system. The fuel circulation system comprises: at least one fuel feed pump comprising a positive displacement pump located in the fuel circulation system before the fuel injection system, the fuel feed pump configured to supply a controlled amount of carbonaceous aqueous slurry fuel to the fuel injection system; and at least one volumetric flow controller comprising at least one of a second positive displacement pump configured to operate in reverse as a positive displacement pressure let-down device, or a volumetric flow valve operated as a positive displacement pressure let-down device, the volumetric flow controller located in the fuel circulation system after the fuel injection system, the volumetric flow controller providing a controlled regulation of return flow/fuel system pressure from the fuel injection system from zero to maximum flow/pressure.

An engine including a main fuel injection valve, a pilot fuel injection valve, a liquid fuel supply rail pipe, and a pilot fuel supply rail pipe. The main fuel injection valve supplies liquid fuel from the liquid fuel supply rail pipe to a combustion chamber during combustion in a diffusion combustion system. The pilot fuel injection valve supplies pilot fuel from the pilot fuel supply rail pipe to the combustion chamber in order to ignite gaseous fuel during combustion in a premixed combustion system. The liquid fuel supply rail pipe is disposed at one side of an imaginary vertical plane including an axis of a crank shaft. The pilot fuel supply rail pipe is disposed at the side of the imaginary vertical plane at which the liquid fuel supply rail pipe is disposed.

An internal combustion engine including: an operating state detection unit that detects an operating state of the internal combustion engine; a fuel reforming unit configured to be supplied with a liquid fuel including hydrocarbon and generate a reformed fuel having an octane number larger than that of the supplied liquid fuel; a reformed fuel composition adjusting unit that adjusts the composition of the reformed fuel generated by the fuel reforming unit; and a control device that controls the composition of the reformed fuel by controlling the reformed fuel composition adjusting unit in accordance with the operating state detected by the operating state detection unit.

A method for controlling combustion in a diesel engine includes: premixing ambient air, EGR gas and vaporized diesel fuel in a combustion chamber during an intake stroke of each cylinder of the diesel engine; and sequentially performing, by an injector, pilot injection, main injection, and post injection during a compression stroke occurs after the intake stroke.

Techniques for separating a fuel on-board a vehicle include mixing an input fuel stream and a fluid solvent; separating the mixture into a first liquid fuel stream and a second liquid fuel stream, the first liquid fuel stream including a first portion of the input fuel stream defined by a first auto-ignition characteristic value and the fluid solvent, the second liquid fuel stream including a second portion of the input fuel stream defined by a second auto-ignition characteristic value that is different than the first auto-ignition characteristic value; separating the first liquid fuel stream into the fluid solvent and the first portion of the input fuel stream; directing the first portion of the input fuel stream to a first fuel tank on the vehicle; and directing the second portion of the input fuel stream to a second fuel tank on the vehicle.

A multi-fuel rail apparatus for an internal combustion engine communicates fuel from 10 a first fuel source and a second fuel source to a plurality of fuel injectors. Each fuel injector receives fuel from the multi-fuel rail apparatus through a branch connection for each fuel. The multi fuel rail apparatus has a first elongate member including a first longitudinal bore spaced apart from a second longitudinal bore and first and second fuel inlets for fluidly communicating first and second fuels into the first and 15 second longitudinal bores respectively. There is a branch connecting structure for each fuel injector along the first elongate member for fluidly connecting the first and second longitudinal bores with respective branch connections from respective fuel injectors.

A hyperbaric fuel system (10a, 10b) produces hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) for combustion reactions of compression or spark ignition engines and improves fossil fuel efficiency without requiring major changes to existing fuel systems. The hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) decreases the NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon particulate matter, and reduces the consumption of liquid fuel (26). The systems produces hydrogen gas (18) and dissolves the hydrogen gas (18) in the liquid fuel (26) using several chambers, including a hyperbaric mixing chamber (58), between the liquid fuel supply and a fuel pump (28) supplying the hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) to fuel injectors (40). Unused hydrogen gas (18) and hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) is recirculated to minimize loss of efficiency. The system preferably includes a water reservoir and electrolysis device to generate the hydrogen gas.

An internal combustion engine has both a primary fuel system and a starting fuel intake assembly. The primary fuel system and the starting fuel intake assembly provide separate flow paths to a common chamber of the internal combustion engine. An external starting fuel source is fluidly connectable with the starting fuel intake assembly of the internal combustion engine, for instance when exposed to a low ambient temperature environment. The internal combustion engine is started while a starting fuel is flowing into a combustion chamber for the internal combustion engine. A primary fuel may also be flowing into the combustion chamber at this time. After the primary fuel is being consistently ignited in the combustion chamber, the flow of starting fuel to the combustion chamber may be terminated and the external starting fuel source may be fluidly disconnected from the starting fuel intake assembly of the internal combustion engine.

A fuel circulation system of a diesel type engine configured to use carbonaceous aqueous slurry or emulsion fuels. The diesel type engine includes a fuel injection system which is fluidly connected to the fuel circulation system. The fuel circulation system comprises: at least one fuel feed pump comprising a positive displacement pump located in the fuel circulation system before the fuel injection system, the fuel feed pump configured to supply a controlled amount of carbonaceous aqueous slurry fuel to the fuel injection system; and at least one volumetric flow controller comprising at least one of a second positive displacement pump configured to operate in reverse as a positive displacement pressure let-down device, or a volumetric flow valve operated as a positive displacement pressure let-down device, the volumetric flow controller located in the fuel circulation system after the fuel injection system, the volumetric flow controller providing a controlled regulation of return flow/fuel system pressure from the fuel injection system from zero to maximum flow/pressure.

An engine (21) including a main fuel injection valve (79), a pilot fuel injection valve (82), a liquid fuel supply rail pipe (42), and a pilot fuel supply rail pipe (47). The main fuel injection valve (79) supplies liquid fuel from the liquid fuel supply rail pipe (42) to a combustion chamber (110) during combustion in a diffusion combustion system. The pilot fuel injection valve (82) supplies pilot fuel from the pilot fuel supply rail pipe (47) to the combustion chamber (110) in order to ignite gaseous fuel during combustion in a premixed combustion system. The liquid fuel supply rail pipe (42) is disposed at one side of an imaginary vertical plane (P1) including an axis of a crank shaft. The pilot fuel supply rail pipe (47) is disposed at the side of the imaginary vertical plane (P1) at which the liquid fuel supply rail pipe (42) is disposed.