A powertrain system includes a port injection internal combustion engine. A first start process is a process in which fuel is enclosed in a compression stroke cylinder when the engine is stopped, and based on a stored crank stop position, ignition is performed in a first cycle of the compression stroke cylinder upon engine start. A second start process is a process in which, based on the stored crank stop position, fuel injection is performed for an intake stroke cylinder while the engine is stopped, and based on the stored crank stop position, ignition is performed in the first cycle of the intake stroke cylinder upon engine start. When a catalyst temperature at the time engine start is requested is equal to or higher than a first threshold, a control device starts the internal combustion engine by at least one of the first start process and the second start process.

A surgical stapler including an anvil, a staple cartridge, and a buttress material removably retained to the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In various embodiments, the staple cartridge can include at least one staple removably stored therein which can, when deployed, or fired, therefrom, contact the buttress material and remove the buttress material from the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In at least one embodiment, the anvil can include at least one lip and/or groove configured to removably retain the buttress material to the anvil until deformable members extending from the surgical staple are bent by the anvil and are directed toward and contact the buttress material.

Disclosed is a method for synchronizing a combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including the steps of detection of the reference position of a first toothed wheel during a rotation of the crankshaft from the measurements sent by a first measuring sensor, detection of rising and falling edges of the teeth of a second toothed wheel during a concomitant rotation of the camshaft from the measurements sent by a second measuring sensor, identification of the detected edges with a first tolerance threshold on the angular position of the camshaft from recorded positions of the edges to synchronize the engine, the recorded positions being predetermined by learning from theoretical positions with a second tolerance threshold on the angular position of the camshaft, the first tolerance threshold being less than the second tolerance threshold, and synchronization of the engine from the identified edges of the teeth of the second toothed wheel.

A method for analyzing a fluid that flows from a chamber, in particular a combustion chamber, of an internal combustion engine into a fluid guide. The internal combustion engine includes at least one element, in particular an injector, for the supply of fuel. The analysis takes place with the aid of a sensor, in particular a lambda sensor, on which the fluid in the fluid guide acts. The analysis takes place during cranking of the internal combustion engine, and the fluid acting on the sensor is not influenced by fuel that is supplied in a controlled manner.

Systems and methods for stopping and starting a direct injection engine are described. In one example, the air is injected into one or more pre-chambers of engine cylinders to adjust engine pumping torque during an engine stop so that the engine may stop at a crankshaft position that facilitates direct engine starting.

A crankshaft rotating angle controlling method and a crankshaft rotating angle controlling system are provided. A shut-off signal is obtained, and an engine speed is judged. If the engine speed is lower than a specific value, a generator is set in a driving mode at an ending point of a missing tooth signal in a gear pulse signal, such that the generator in the driving mode drives a crankshaft to exceed a top-dead-center of a cylinder. When the crankshaft arrives at a bottom-dead-center of the cylinder, the generator is set to be in a holding mode of an error phase of a three-phase current. Through the generator in the driving mode, the given error phase of the three-phase current stops the generator immediately and the crankshaft is fixed within an angle range of a default stop position.

Disclosed is a method for synchronizing an internal combustion engine including at least one camshaft, on which a target is mounted, a position sensor for sensing the position of the camshaft and a processing unit, the method transmitting a synchronization or synchronization fault signal as a function of the determined direction of rotation of the target.

Disclosed is a method for synchronizing a combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including the steps of detection of the reference position of a first toothed wheel during a rotation of the crankshaft from the measurements sent by a first measuring sensor, detection of rising and falling edges of the teeth of a second toothed wheel during a concomitant rotation of the camshaft from the measurements sent by a second measuring sensor, identification of the detected edges with a first tolerance threshold on the angular position of the camshaft from recorded positions of the edges to synchronize the engine, the recorded positions being predetermined by learning from theoretical positions with a second tolerance threshold on the angular position of the camshaft, the first tolerance threshold being less than the second tolerance threshold, and synchronization of the engine from the identified edges of the teeth of the second toothed wheel.

A control system includes a controller. The controller counts the number of driving times of the high pressure fuel pump, which is the number of the reciprocating motions of the plunger based on a crank counter that is counted up at every predetermined crank angle. The controller stores a map in which a top dead center of the plunger is associated with a crank counter value, and store a crank counter value while an engine is stopped as a stop-time counter value. The controller calculates, referring to the map, the number of the crank counter values corresponding to the top dead center of the plunger between a crank counter value and the stop-time counter value, and set a calculated number as the number of driving times.

Systems and methods for stopping and starting a direct injection engine are described. In one example, the air is injected into one or more pre-chambers of engine cylinders to adjust engine pumping torque during an engine stop so that the engine may stop at a crankshaft position that facilitates direct engine starting.