A valve device increases or decreases a flow rate of EGR gas. The valve device includes a housing, a bypass valve body, an EGR valve body. The housing includes a first upstream passage into which the EGR gas cooled by an EGR cooler flows, a second upstream passage into which the EGR gas that bypasses the EGR cooler flows, a junction connected to each of a gas-flow downstream side of the first upstream passage and a gas-flow downstream side of the second upstream passage, and a downstream passage connected to the first upstream passage and the second upstream passage via the junction. The bypass valve body opens and closes the second upstream passage. The EGR valve body is provided in the downstream passage, rotates around an EGR valve axis.

An internal combustion engine (1) includes: an exhaust gas recirculation unit equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation control valve (9); a crank angle sensor (11) that detects an indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) as an indicator of combustion stability of the internal combustion engine (1); and a controller (10) that corrects the EGR rate of the exhaust gas recirculation unit based on the combustion stability. The controller (10) is configured to: increase-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount when the state where the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is lower than a threshold value continues for a predetermined number of cycles; and decrease-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount immediately when the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is higher than or equal to the threshold value.

An internal combustion engine (1) includes: an exhaust gas recirculation unit equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation control valve (9); a crank angle sensor (11) that detects an indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) as an indicator of combustion stability of the internal combustion engine (1); and a controller (10) that corrects the EGR rate of the exhaust gas recirculation unit based on the combustion stability. The controller (10) is configured to: increase-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount when the state where the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is lower than a threshold value continues for a predetermined number of cycles; and decrease-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount immediately when the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is higher than or equal to the threshold value.

An engine includes an exhaust manifold, an intake manifold, and an EGR device configured to supply EGR gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold. A longitudinal direction of the EGR cooler is in an up-down direction of the engine in a used state. The exhaust manifold has an EGR pipe that is connected to an EGR cooler, and a part of the EGR pipe extends in left-and-right directions. The part of the EGR pipe is provided at a side where a flywheel housing is provided. An upper end of the EGR cooler has a supply port into which the EGR gas is supplied from the exhaust manifold. The part of the EGR pipe and the flywheel housing are located in an up-down directions.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include a divided exhaust engine with at least one primary EGR cylinder and a plurality of non-primary EGR cylinders. The systems, apparatus and methods control the amount of recirculated exhaust gas in a charge flow in response to EGR fraction deviation conditions.

A controlling method of vehicle exhaust gas recirculation, an apparatus and an electronic device are provided in vehicle field. Before the GPF/DPF starts to work, controlling the EGR to cool the temperature of the recycled gas at a lowest gas temperature required being entranced into the engine; and after the GPF/DPF starts to work, according to a gas temperature change and an intake flow change of an air intake of the EGR, adjusting an opening of a valve arranged in a vent of the EGR and a working power of a pump arranged in a liquid duct of the EGR, for making the EGR to cool the gas recycled by the EGR in a safe temperature range required by the engine. The controlling method is associated controlled with a cooling system of the EGR, for ensuring the recycled exhaust gas temperature and the EGR rate in a suitable range.

A controlling method of vehicle exhaust gas recirculation, an apparatus and an electronic device are provided in vehicle field. Before the GPF/DPF starts to work, controlling the EGR to cool the temperature of the recycled gas at a lowest gas temperature required being entranced into the engine; and after the GPF/DPF starts to work, according to a gas temperature change and an intake flow change of an air intake of the EGR, adjusting an opening of a valve arranged in a vent of the EGR and a working power of a pump arranged in a liquid duct of the EGR, for making the EGR to cool the gas recycled by the EGR in a safe temperature range required by the engine. The controlling method is associated controlled with a cooling system of the EGR, for ensuring the recycled exhaust gas temperature and the EGR rate in a suitable range.

A method for reducing NOx emissions during operation of an internal combustion engine in commerce which, when burning hydrocarbon fuel as a primary fuel, in the absence of any secondary fuel, has a characteristic stoichiometric ration. The method includes the following: in the absence of electrolytic activity, providing and entraining a quenching species in a gaseous medium and then interacting the quenching species with constituents present during oxidation of the primary fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine.

A method for reducing NOx emissions during operation of an internal combustion engine in commerce which, when burning hydrocarbon fuel as a primary fuel, in the absence of any secondary fuel, has a characteristic stoichiometric ration. The method includes the following: in the absence of electrolytic activity, providing and entraining a quenching species in a gaseous medium and then interacting the quenching species with constituents present during oxidation of the primary fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine.

An engine includes an exhaust manifold, an intake manifold, and an EGR device configured to supply EGR gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold. An EGR cooler is provided at a side of the exhaust manifold, and a longitudinal direction of the EGR cooler is in an up-down direction of the engine in a used state.