A combustion system is applied to an engine. The combustion system includes an injection device that injects a fuel into a combustion chamber, a spark plug that ignites fuel in the combustion chamber, and a control device that controls the injection device and the spark plug. The control device includes a first control unit that executes predetermined first control. In the first control, control is performed such that, a total injection amount corresponding to all the fuel injected by the injection device in one combustion cycle of the engine is injected within a first period corresponding to a period from valve close timing which brings an intake valve into a closed state until a first half of a compression stroke of the engine ends.

A powertrain control unit may be configured to control an engine and identify a first operating condition is expected to fulfill a demand for output with an exhaust stream having a first amount of a pollutant (e.g., NOx, particulate matter), and a second operating condition expected to fulfill the demand with an exhaust stream having a reduced amount of the pollutant as compared to the first amount. The powertrain control unit may receive duty cycle information to control the engine to fulfill the demand per the second operating condition, yielding the reduced amount of pollutant in the exhaust. Duty cycle information may include speed, location, position, rotation, temperature, and/or other information. A vehicle, backhoe, bulldozer, crane, and/or combine harvester may comprise the powertrain control unit and an engine and aftertreatment system. An exhaust aftertreatment system may be remotely activated, which may reduce warmup time associated with emissions mitigation.

A normal control unit performs a normal control to cause an injection apparatus to perform predetermined normal injection and subsequently cause an ignition plug to perform ignition. In a delay region in a combustion chamber, propagation of flame is retarded further than in another region when the normal control is performed. In a knock state, self-ignition occurs in the delay region when the normal control is performed. When the knock state is established, an adjustment control unit performs, to suppress the self-ignition, an adjustment control to perform main injection and subsequently perform sub-injection in a second half of a compression stroke to adjust a fuel distribution in the combustion chamber to facilitate propagation of flame to the delay region further than in the normal control and subsequently cause the ignition plug to perform the ignition.

One embodiment is a system comprising an engine including a dedicated EGR cylinder configured to provide EGR to the engine via an EGR loop, a non-dedicated cylinder, a plurality of injectors, an ignition system including a plurality of spark plugs, an intake throttle, and an electronic control system. The electronic control system is configured to control combustion during transient operation of the engine by determining one or more combustion control parameters compensating for variation of one or more of inert matter, unburned air and unburned fuel in EGR output by the dedicated EGR cylinder during transient operation of the engine, and an effect of the EGR loop on inert matter, unburned air and unburned fuel provided to the plurality of cylinders, and controlling operation of at least one of the throttle, the ignition system and the plurality of injectors in response to at least one of the one or more combustion control parameters.

An engine assembly includes an internal combustion engine and a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor unit. The CO sensor unit includes a CO sensor controller including a CO sensing circuit configured to detect a level of CO and a shutdown circuit. The shutdown circuit is configured to receive a detected level of CO and calculate a trailing window average of the detected level of CO. The trailing window average includes an average of the detected level of CO over a predetermined sampling window. The shutdown circuit is further configured to determine whether to initiate a shutdown of the internal combustion engine based on at least the calculated trailing window average and a predetermined trailing window average threshold and initiate the shutdown of the internal combustion engine based on determining that the trailing window average exceeds the predetermined trailing window average threshold.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for determining the nitrogen oxide content and/or ammonia content in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with a catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust tract and an exhaust gas sensor downstream of the catalytic converter. In some embodiments, the method comprises: determining an operating state of the internal combustion engine, the operating state indicating either lean operation or rich operation of the internal combustion engine; generating a signal using the exhaust gas sensor; and determining the nitrogen oxide content and/or ammonia content in the exhaust gas at least partially based on the determined operating state of the internal combustion engine and the signal.

A normal control unit performs a normal control to cause an injection apparatus to perform predetermined normal injection and subsequently cause an ignition plug to perform ignition. In a delay region in a combustion chamber, propagation of flame is retarded further than in another region when the normal control is performed. In a knock state, self-ignition occurs in the delay region when the normal control is performed. When the knock state is established, an adjustment control unit performs, to suppress the self-ignition, an adjustment control to perform main injection and subsequently perform sub-injection in a second half of a compression stroke to adjust a fuel distribution in the combustion chamber to facilitate propagation of flame to the delay region further than in the normal control and subsequently cause the ignition plug to perform the ignition.

An internal combustion engine-based system includes an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes an engine interrupt connected to the engine. The engine interrupt is configured to selectively stop the operation of the engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a controller in communication with the engine interrupt. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a carbon monoxide detector in communication with the controller. The controller uses the engine interrupt to stop the operation of the engine when the carbon monoxide detector provides the controller with signals that are representative of a carbon monoxide level proximate the internal combustion engine that together form a trend of building carbon monoxide amounts over a set time interval.

Proposed is a gas heat-pump system capable of supplying recirculation exhaust gas using a motor-driven turbocharger and thus actively controlling an amount of flowing recirculation exhaust gas and pressure thereof.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for determining the nitrogen oxide content and/or ammonia content in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with a catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust tract and an exhaust gas sensor downstream of the catalytic converter. In some embodiments, the method comprises: determining an operating state of the internal combustion engine, the operating state indicating either lean operation or rich operation of the internal combustion engine; generating a signal using the exhaust gas sensor; and determining the nitrogen oxide content and/or ammonia content in the exhaust gas at least partially based on the determined operating state of the internal combustion engine and the signal.