An internal combustion engine with controlled ignition comprises a cylinder, a relative piston, and a head between which a combustion chamber is operationally defined. The cylinder and the piston define a first prismatic coupling. The engine also comprises a pre-chamber made directly inside the combustion chamber, and a male element stably connected to an upper surface of the piston to penetrate the pre-chamber at least in one portion of the relative motion of the piston in the cylinder. A spark plug is arranged to look out into the pre-chamber.

A fuel injector for operation with combustible gas, having a gas nozzle assembly having at least one gas nozzle opening, and at least one gas nozzle needle associated with the gas nozzle assembly and accommodated in an axial holder so that the stroke of the gas nozzle needle can be controlled. Each gas nozzle opening leads out of the holder having a radial direction component at the nozzle end. The fuel injector has, in the holder, a needle seat upstream of the particular nozzle opening, which needle seat is provided for selectively blocking a combustible-gas flow path to the associated gas nozzle opening in interaction with the gas nozzle needle. The gas nozzle openings are distributed over part of the circumference in the circumferential direction of the gas nozzle needle. The holder, adjoining the needle seat and extending away therefrom axially in the upstream direction, is asymmetric with respect to an axial center axis through the gas nozzle needle. The asymmetry results from a cross-section expansion of the holder on a side of the holder that lies radially opposite the gas nozzle opening, such that a greater mass flow rate of combustible gas can be conducted in the holder by the crosssection expansion than on the gas nozzle opening side opposite thereto. The holder is also shaped to apply a flow direction oriented toward the radially opposite gas nozzle opening, already upstream of the needle seat and via the cross-section expansion, to a combustible-gas flow guided to the needle seat by the cross-section expansion.

An internal combustion engine for use with hydrogen fuel, the engine having at least one cylinder assembly which includes a combustion chamber having a cylinder, a cylinder head and a reciprocating piston assembly, the cylinder defining a cylinder longitudinal axis; a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the fuel injector defining an injector longitudinal axis; and a fuel flow director, wherein the fuel flow director is located in the fuel flow path between an outlet of the fuel injector and the combustion chamber. The fuel injector is oriented such that the injector longitudinal axis extends at a first angle; and the fuel flow director is configured to direct fuel flow into the combustion chamber at a second angle, different to the first angle.

A multi-stage flame acceleration device and method for a gas-fuel engine are provided. The device includes a pressing piece, an upper chamber, a spark plug, a fuel ejector, a cooling device, and a flame acceleration nozzle. The spark plug and the fuel ejector are mounted in the upper chamber. The pressing piece is sleeved on an upper part of the upper chamber, and the device is wholly and fixedly connected to a cylinder head through a step groove of the upper chamber. A nozzle sealing ring, the flame acceleration nozzle, and a cylinder head sealing ring are mounted at a bottom of the upper chamber from top to bottom in sequence. Annular obstacles formed by annular plates are arranged in a chamber of the flame acceleration nozzle. In the method, a fuel is ejected in the chamber of the flame acceleration nozzle to obtain a homogeneous gas mixture.

A gas metering valve for an internal combustion engine. The gas metering valve includes a housing in which a gas chamber is formed, which includes an inlet opening and an outlet opening. A movable valve element is situated in the gas chamber, which is movable by an electrical actuator against the force of a return spring and which cooperates with a valve seat for opening and closing the inlet opening. A blocking valve is situated between the valve element and the outlet opening, which opens in the flow direction to the outlet opening and blocks in the opposite flow direction.

An internal combustion engine for use with hydrogen fuel, the engine having at least one cylinder assembly which includes a combustion chamber having a cylinder, a cylinder head and a reciprocating piston assembly, the cylinder defining a cylinder longitudinal axis; a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the fuel injector defining an injector longitudinal axis; and a fuel flow director, wherein the fuel flow director is located in the fuel flow path between an outlet of the fuel injector and the combustion chamber. The fuel injector is oriented such that the injector longitudinal axis extends at a first angle; and the fuel flow director is configured to direct fuel flow into the combustion chamber at a second angle, different to the first angle.

A housing defines a gaseous fuel inlet and a gaseous fuel outlet. A rotor defines an internal flow passage therethrough that rotates with the rotor to, alternately, allow gaseous fuel flow, or to block gaseous fuel flow, between the inlet and the outlet, based on a position of the rotor. A seal is biased to abut an exterior surface of the rotor. The seal is between the rotor and the outlet. An actuator is rotably coupled to the rotor. The driver is configured to rotate the rotor. A controller is in communication with the driver and is configured to control the driver to rotate at a rate based on an engine speed of the engine.

A split cycle internal combustion engine includes a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston and a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston. The engine also includes a controller arranged to receive an indication of a parameter associated with the combustion cylinder and/or a fluid associated therewith and to control an exhaust valve of the combustion cylinder in dependence on the indicated parameter to cause the exhaust valve to close during the return stroke of the combustion piston, before the combustion piston has reached its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is less than a target value for the parameter; and close on completion of the return stroke of the combustion piston, as the combustion piston reaches its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is equal to or greater than the target value for the parameter.

An internal combustion engine including a pre-chamber connected to a pre-chamber feed conduit for supplying the pre-chamber with a fuel (F), and a main combustion chamber. Fuel (F) in the main combustion chamber can be ignited by an ignition flare which passes from the at least one pre-chamber into the at least one main combustion chamber and which is produced by ignition of fuel (F) in the pre-chamber. At least one valve can be open-loop or closed-loop controlled by an open-loop or closed-loop control device depending on a parameter characteristic of a change in a power produced by the internal combustion engine, and/or by which a pre-chamber fuel flow directed through the pre-chamber feed conduit to the at least one pre-chamber can be at least partially diverted into a volume separate from the at least one pre-chamber.

A precombustion chamber engine comprises: a cylinder head defining a main combustion chamber together with a cylinder liner and a piston top surface; a precombustion chamber cap mounted on the cylinder head by inserting a distal end portion of the precombustion chamber cap into an insertion hole formed in the cylinder head; a precombustion chamber holder disposed inside the cylinder head; and a precombustion chamber cap holding member fixed to the precombustion chamber holder and configured to suspend and support the precombustion chamber cap. The precombustion chamber cap includes a reduced diameter portion with a diameter decreasing from a proximal end portion of the precombustion chamber cap to an intermediate portion that has a smaller diameter than the proximal end portion. The precombustion chamber cap holding member is configured to lock the reduced diameter portion and to have a gap between the precombustion chamber cap holding member and the proximal end portion when the precombustion chamber cap holding member suspends and supports the precombustion chamber cap.