There is disclosed a flow control nozzle for controlling the flow of an incompressible fluid, the flow control nozzle having a flow area and comprising a deformable element comprising a shaped memory alloy (SMA) material wherein within a range of operating temperatures the SMA material is configured to reduce the flow area of the flow control nozzle as the operating temperature increases. The flow control nozzle is thus able to dynamically compensate for changes in operating temperature in order to maintain a constant flow.

There is disclosed a flow control nozzle for controlling the flow of an incompressible fluid, the flow control nozzle having a flow area and comprising a deformable element comprising a shaped memory alloy (SMA) material wherein within a range of operating temperatures the SMA material is configured to reduce the flow area of the flow control nozzle as the operating temperature increases. The flow control nozzle is thus able to dynamically compensate for changes in operating temperature in order to maintain a constant flow.

A fuel injector includes a fuel valve including a valve needle and a valve seat for controlling a flow of fuel through the injector. The fuel injector also includes an electromagnetic actuator with a solenoid and an armature that lifts the valve needle from the valve seat in an opening direction while the solenoid is electrically energized. The fuel injector also includes a housing in which the valve needle and the armature are received such that they are displaceable in reciprocating fashion with respect to the housing and with respect to one another. A spring is arranged between the armature and the housing, for pushing the armature against the valve needle in the opening direction, wherein the spring provides a hysteretic relationship between force and displacement.