A pneumatic motion system includes a rotating wheel, a plurality of wheel rods mounted to the rotating wheel, a plurality of main weight members respectively sleeved on the wheel rods, at least one air supply member, and a plurality of air cycle units. Each of the air cycle units is disposed at one of two opposite ends of a respective one of the wheel rods, and includes two main air compressors fluidly communicating with the at least one air supply member. For each wheel rod, when the respective one of the main weight members is moved to the one of the opposite ends of the wheel rod, each of the main air compressors is pressed by the main weight member to force air into the at least one air supply member.

A pneumatic motion system includes a plurality of casings, a plurality of frame members respectively extending into the casings, a plurality of linear rails respectively mounted to the frame members, a plurality of main weight members respectively and movably mounted to the linear rails, at least one air supply member, and pairs of main air compressors. Each pair of the main air compressors is disposed at one of two opposite ends of a respective one of the casings. For each casing, when the respective one of the main weight members is moved to the one of the opposite ends of the casing, each pair of the main air compressors is pressed by the main weight member to force air into the at least one air supply member.

The gravity compressed air energy storage system includes: a shaft, into which a pressure-bearing cylinder is movably inserted; a locking component arranged at a top of the pressure-bearing cylinder to support the pressure-bearing cylinder on a ground at a top of the shaft through the locking component in case that the pressure-bearing cylinder is at a lowest limit position; a primary gravity block arranged above the locking component; a spherical connection component arranged and spherically connected between the primary gravity block and the locking component; in which a plurality of guide components are arranged around the primary gravity block; and a plurality of guide rails arranged on the ground and at a peripheral side of the primary gravity block; in which the plurality of guide rails cooperate with the plurality of guide components.

Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid, displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.

Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid, displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.

Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid, displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.

Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid. displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.

Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid, displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.

Invention defines a method and apparatus for storing energy where a power source is used to reposition a mass in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy where the stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss, where the force of gravity may be allowed to accelerates the mass, where the resulting kinetic energy is converted to shaft horsepower. Said shaft horsepower may be converted to pneumatic, electrical, or hydraulic power. A variation defines a method where a power source is used to submerge a buoyant object in a fluid, where the submerged object represents a potential energy, where the force of gravity displaces the submerged buoyant object, where the kinetic energy resulting from the displacement is converted to shaft horsepower. Said shaft horsepower may be similarly converted to pneumatic, electrical, or hydraulic power. Invention defines a process where available energy can be used to do work to raise a massive object against a planetary gravitational field, to a position of high potential energy which can be maintained indefinitely. On demand the mass can be accelerated by the gravitational field and converted to kinetic energy, which is harnessed and converted to shaft horsepower, allowing the desired energy recovery from the energy storage system.

A method of generating a momentum change in a vehicle by phase changing matter in a closed system is used to change the momentum of the vehicle without the need of a combustion system for propulsion. The method uses the multi-phase dynamics of fluidic matter to create a momentum differential within a closed system that results in a momentum excess that changes the overall momentum of the system. The change of the overall momentum of the system results in a change in motion of the vehicle. The momentum differential is achieved by phase changing the fluidic matter moving through a heat exchanger. The phase change of the fluidic matter is arranged so that the momentum of the fluidic matter is reduced as the fluidic matter leaves the heat exchanger. The reduction in momentum of the fluidic matter results in the momentum differential that changes the overall momentum of the system.