A stacked gerotor pump is provided. The stacked gerotor pump includes a first gerotor pump defining a first inlet section and a first outlet section, a second gerotor pump defining a second inlet section and a second outlet section and a plate. The plate is interposed between the first and second gerotor pumps and defines upstream cavities respectively communicative with the first and second inlet sections, downstream cavities respectively communicative with the first and second outlet sections and a pre-pressurization hole by which the second outlet section is communicative with the first inlet section.

A stacked gerotor pump is provided. The stacked gerotor pump includes a first gerotor pump defining a first inlet section and a first outlet section, a second gerotor pump defining a second inlet section and a second outlet section and a plate. The plate is interposed between the first and second gerotor pumps and defines upstream cavities respectively communicative with the first and second inlet sections, downstream cavities respectively communicative with the first and second outlet sections and a pre-pressurization hole by which the second outlet section is communicative with the first inlet section.

Provided is a rotary pump including: a pump rotor having a flat first rotor side surface facing one side in an axial direction, and a flat second rotor side surface facing the other side in the axial direction; and a housing configured to rotatably house the pump rotor. The housing includes: a ring member having a hollow tubular shape and openings at both ends in the axial direction; a first side member detachably mounted to one end in the axial direction of the ring member to slide and guide the first rotor side surface by using a first crosslinked fluororesin flat surface formed of a crosslinked fluororesin; and a second side member detachably mounted to the other end in the axial direction of the ring member to slide and guide the second rotor side surface by using a second crosslinked fluororesin flat surface formed of the crosslinked fluororesin.

Provided is a rotary pump including: a pump rotor having a flat first rotor side surface facing one side in an axial direction, and a flat second rotor side surface facing the other side in the axial direction; and a housing configured to rotatably house the pump rotor. The housing includes: a ring member having a hollow tubular shape and openings at both ends in the axial direction; a first side member detachably mounted to one end in the axial direction of the ring member to slide and guide the first rotor side surface by using a first crosslinked fluororesin flat surface formed of a crosslinked fluororesin; and a second side member detachably mounted to the other end in the axial direction of the ring member to slide and guide the second rotor side surface by using a second crosslinked fluororesin flat surface formed of the crosslinked fluororesin.

One embodiment of a method for operating an internal combustion engine under a pressure less than atmospheric pressure includes the steps of positioning a vacuum pump such that said vacuum pump is in fluid communication with a crankcase of said internal combustion engine, connecting a discharge of said vacuum pump to a separator, wherein a portion of said discharge of said vacuum pump condenses in said separator, connecting a vapor discharge of said separator to a filter, wherein said filter removes a portion of volatile organic compounds from said vapor discharge, and venting said filter to an ambient atmosphere.

Systems and methods are provided for pumps that deliver optimized torque characteristics and volumetric efficiency. A system includes a housing defining a surface and a rotor defining a face. A face clearance is defined between the face and the surface. The face clearance is variable in magnitude and determinative of target performance characteristics of the pump system. The housing is made of a material selected to have a thermal expansion characteristic and the rotor is made of a second material selected to have another thermal expansion characteristic. The thermal expansion characteristics deliver the target performance characteristics of the pump system.

Systems and methods are provided for pumps that deliver optimized torque characteristics and volumetric efficiency. A system includes a housing defining a surface and a rotor defining a face. A face clearance is defined between the face and the surface. The face clearance is variable in magnitude and determinative of target performance characteristics of the pump system. The housing is made of a material selected to have a thermal expansion characteristic and the rotor is made of a second material selected to have another thermal expansion characteristic. The thermal expansion characteristics deliver the target performance characteristics of the pump system.

Systems and methods are provided for pumps that deliver optimized torque characteristics and volumetric efficiency. A system includes a housing defining a surface and a rotor defining a face. A face clearance is defined between the face and the surface. The face clearance is variable in magnitude and determinative of target performance characteristics of the pump system. The housing is made of a material selected to have a thermal expansion characteristic and the rotor is made of a second material selected to have another thermal expansion characteristic. The thermal expansion characteristics deliver the target performance characteristics of the pump system.

Systems and methods are provided for pumps that deliver optimized torque characteristics and volumetric efficiency. A system includes a housing defining a surface and a rotor defining a face. A face clearance is defined between the face and the surface. The face clearance is variable in magnitude and determinative of target performance characteristics of the pump system. The housing is made of a material selected to have a thermal expansion characteristic and the rotor is made of a second material selected to have another thermal expansion characteristic. The thermal expansion characteristics deliver the target performance characteristics of the pump system.

Provided is an internal gear pump. The shape of any one of a plurality of external teeth and a plurality of internal teeth of the pump is formed on the basis of formulae (1)-(5). Formula (1): r=ro−dr.Math.cos θ, Formula (2): Px=(ro−dr)+1/4 dr{1−cos (2θ)}, Formula (3): Py=1/4 dr{−2θ+sin (2θ)}, Formula (4): Qx=Px−r.Math.cos θ, Formula (5): Qy=Py+r.Math.sin θ.