Bearings with visually distinct wear indicators are disclosed. An example bearing disclosed herein includes a movable portion, a race to receive the movable portion along a first surface to thereby permit movement of the movable portion within the race, and a liner disposed on the first surface of the race, the liner having a first layer and a second layer, the first layer disposed on top of the second layer, the first layer visually distinctive from the second layer.

Exemplary connecting rod cracking mandrels and methods are disclosed. A mandrel may include a pair of jaw elements slidably mounted relative to one another and separated from each other. Each one of the jaw elements has a pair of opposing side portions and a center portion disposed between the opposing side portions. Each one of the side portions is configured to contact an inner diameter surface of a bore of a connecting rod when the jaws are moved away from one another within the bore so as to break the connecting rod. The center portion is configured to be spaced apart from the inner diameter surface of the bore when the jaws are moved away from one another within the bore, such that the opposing side portions contact the connecting rod bore.

The machine for cracking a connecting rod comprises an electro press with an electric motor (400) for actuating an expandable element. The electro press comprises a first S actuator part (410) and a second actuator part (430) arranged so that when the first actuator part is driven by the electric motor (400) from a first position to a second position, (a) the first actuator part (410) is first driven by the electric motor (400) from said first position (FIG. 12A) to an intermediate position (FIG. 12B), without displacing the second actuator part (430), and (b) subsequently the first actuator part (410) is further driven by the electric motor (400) from said intermediate position (FIG. 12B) to said second position (FIG. 12C), displacing the second actuator part from a non-expanding position to an expanding position.

A method for fracturing a metal component in which a through hole is included, and groove portions that continue from a first open end to a second open end of the through hole are formed at facing positions in an inner circumferential surface of the through hole, includes specifying positions on which a stress is to concentrate when fracturing of the metal component is started, in the groove portions of the metal component; forming stress concentration portions at positions in bottom portions of the groove portions corresponding to the specified positions such that the specified positions in the groove portions are caused to serve as breaking start points; and causing cracking earlier at the stress concentration portions in the groove portions than at each portion of the groove portions when the fracturing is started and causing cracking to develop from each portion of the groove portions.

A manufacturing method for a connecting rod includes applying a tensile load to an end portion of the connecting rod as precompression in a cross direction that intersects with a longitudinal direction, the end portion being an longitudinal end portion of the connecting rod and having a through-hole, and fracture splitting the end portion into a rod portion and a cap portion by applying a tensile load to the end portion in the longitudinal direction in a state where the precompression is applied to the end portion.

A bearing element includes a bearing element body and a sensor for measuring at least one operating parameter of the bearing element, as well as a telemetry device, wherein the bearing element body is connected to the telemetry device, and the telemetry device is connected to the sensor by electric conductors.

Bearings with visually distinct wear indicators are disclosed. An example bearing disclosed herein includes a movable portion, a race to receive the movable portion along a first surface to thereby permit movement of the movable portion within the race, and a liner disposed on the first surface of the race, the liner having a first layer and a second layer, the first layer disposed on top of the second layer, the first layer visually distinctive from the second layer.

There is provided a hot rolled steel according to one aspect of the invention including, as a predetermined chemical composition: Bi: 0.0001 mass % to 0.0050 mass %, in which 90 area % or more of a metallographic structure is configured with a ferrite and a pearlite, and an average number density of Mn sulfides measured on a cross section parallel to a rolling direction having an aspect ratio of more than 10 and 30 or less which is extended along the rolling direction, is 50 pieces/mm.sup.2 to 200 pieces/mm.sup.2.

A grooving tool configured to form a substantially V-groove shaped breaking promotion portion for breaking and splitting a large end part of a connection rod at the large end part along a cutting direction, comprising a rough-machining blade to cut a peripheral surface of a penetrating hole provided at the large end part, a finishing blade to finish a portion cut by the rough-machining blade, and a support member supporting the rough-machining blade and the finishing blade in order along a direction opposite to the cutting direction, wherein the rough-machining blade is configured such that a height h1 of its blade tip from a bottom face of a first cutting-blade attachment portion is lower than a height h2 of a blade tip of the finishing blade which is made of a higher-hardness material than the rough-machining blade.

A steel according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition containing, by unit mass %, C: 0.25 to 0.55%, Si: 0.20 to 1.30%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.50%, P: 0.010 to 0.200%, S: 0.010 to 0.100%, Cr: 0 to 1.20%, V: 0.25 to 0.40%, Ti: 0.010 to 0.070%, Mo: 0 to 0.15%, N: 0.0010 to 0.0060%, Al: 0 to 0.200%, Ca: 0 to 0.005%, Zr: 0 to 0.005%, Mg: 0 to 0.005%, Bi: 0 to 0.0050%, Pb: 0 to 0.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.05%, Cu: 0 to 0.05%, and Ni: 0 to 0.05%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein 0.002<Ti3.4N<0.050 is satisfied.