A ventilated brake rotor rotationally associated with a vehicle element to be braked, having a rotation axis and defining an axial direction, parallel to or coinciding with the rotation axis, a radial direction perpendicular to the axial direction and a circumferential direction, perpendicular to both the axial and radial directions, has a cup-shaped body having at least one ventilation opening passing through a cup-shaped body thickness to allow passage of a cooling fluid for cooling the ventilated brake rotor, at least one front annular portion for connecting the ventilated brake rotor to the vehicle element to be braked, and a side portion extending from the at least one front annular portion at least in the axial direction. A protective element shields the at least one ventilation opening preventing foreign bodies from entering into the cup-shaped body and allowing the cooling fluid to cross the at least one ventilation opening.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

An electromagnetic braking device includes a brake disk, a fixed disk, an armature, a biasing member for biasing the armature, and a stator for attracting the armature. In a stator magnetic circuit member, a first yoke, a permanent magnet, and a second yoke are arranged in this order from one end to the other end of a U shape. In a rotatable state or a rotation braking state, even when the coil energization is OFF, the rotatable state or the rotation braking state is maintained. When a current of a predetermined magnitude flows through the coil in a first direction in the rotatable state, the state shifts to the rotation braking state, and when a current of a predetermined magnitude flows through the coil in a second direction in the rotation braking state, the state shifts to the rotatable state.

An electric drum brake for a rotatable element of a passenger motor vehicle. The drum brake has a brake drum and a brake surface which is connected rotationally conjointly to the brake drum, and also an electromagnet arrangement, wherein multiple brake shoes can be pushed against the brake drum by the electromagnet arrangement, and wherein the drum brake has a preloading arrangement which preloads the electromagnet arrangement into a position spaced apart from the brake surface.

An adjustable resistance system for use with an indoor cycle comprising a magnetic resistance assembly, a friction brake assembly, and a resistance adjustment assembly.

An adjustable resistance system for use with an indoor cycle comprising a magnetic resistance assembly, a friction brake assembly, and a resistance adjustment assembly.

A disc brake disc with a parking brake cylindrical surface for cooperating with shoes of a parking brake comprises a braking band comprising opposite braking surfaces and a geometric connection portion of band connecting the braking band to a bell; the bell comprising a connection plate with a wheel hub and an annular geometric connection portion of bell for geometric connection of the bell to the geometric connection portion of band; the braking band and the bell being pieces separate from each other and geometrically coupled to each other by geometric connection portions of band and bell so as to transfer a braking action by a brake caliper on the opposite braking surfaces from the braking band to the bell and to the wheel hub; the bell comprising a geometric bell connection surface opposite to said braking band. The disc brake disc further comprises a parking ring comprising radially and internally an inner portion of ring, and radially and externally a geometric ring connection portion.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

A device for adjusting the clearance of a drum brake capable of avoiding the canceling of the minimum operating clearance also in case of repeated brakes without the wear of the shoes, and arranged between two shoes which cooperate with a braking surface of a drum.

A brake system is disclosed, including a rotor rigidly connected to a shaft configured to rotate about a central axis. The rotor has a first side opposite from a second side, and the brake system includes a first stator structure on the first side of the rotor and a second stator structure on the second side of the rotor. The brake system further includes a first wobble plate between the first side of the rotor and the first stator structure and a second wobble plate between the second side of the rotor and the second stator structure. Each of the first and second wobble plates is configured to nutate when the first and second stator structures decrease rotation rate compared to the rotation rate of the rotor.