An assembly, a system, and a method for protecting a portion of a pipeline from an impact in an excavation operation creating a void around the portion of the pipeline with a shell assembly are described. The shell assembly includes two half cylinders and fasteners to couple the two half cylinders together. Each half cylinder has a pipe cover shell, an inner shell, and an outer shell. The pipe cover shell is sized to conform to an outer surface of the pipeline. The inner shell is spaced apart from the pipe cover shell and coupled to the pipe cover shell by radially extended inner supports. Each inner support has a crumple component that is weaker than adjacent portions of the inner support. The outer shell is spaced apart from the inner shell with the inner shell disposed between the outer shell and the pipe cover shell.

An electric power steering system. The system includes a steering rack having a first end and a second end and at least one damper coupled to one of the first end and the second end. The system also includes an electronic controller configured to determine if the damper has been destroyed based upon a sensed steering angle being above a maximum steering angle threshold or based upon a received signal from an electrical circuit enclosed within the at least one damper.

An electric power steering system. The system includes a steering rack having a first end and a second end and at least one damper coupled to one of the first end and the second end. The system also includes an electronic controller configured to determine if the damper has been destroyed based upon a sensed steering angle being above a maximum steering angle threshold or based upon a received signal from an electrical circuit enclosed within the at least one damper.

An energy-absorbing structure includes a first mounting fixture having a base and a cavity formed in the base. The cavity is structured to receive a portion of an energy-absorbing member therein. The cavity has at least one wall, a bottom, and at least a pair of opposed crush initiator portions extending between the at least one wall and the bottom. A portion of an energy-absorbing member is inserted into the cavity. The energy-absorbing member is in contact with the first mounting fixture along the first mounting fixture crush initiator portions.

An energy-absorbing structure includes a first mounting fixture having a base and a cavity formed in the base. The cavity is structured to receive a portion of an energy-absorbing member therein. The cavity has at least one wall, a bottom, and at least a pair of opposed crush initiator portions extending between the at least one wall and the bottom. A portion of an energy-absorbing member is inserted into the cavity. The energy-absorbing member is in contact with the first mounting fixture along the first mounting fixture crush initiator portions.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to apparatus with ribbed structures or geometries for stiffness and damping control, and methods of producing the same. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a ribbed structure having a set of ribs, configured to deform elastically under shock. In some embodiments, the set of ribs can have a sinusoidal wave shape. In some embodiments, the set of ribs can have a heterogeneous wave shape. In some embodiments, the set of ribs can have material properties that change along the length of the ribbed structure, such as wavelength, amplitude, wave shape, and material thickness.

An automotive crashworthiness energy absorptive part absorbs crashworthiness energy by crushing axially when a crashworthiness load is input from a front side or a rear side of an automotive body, and includes: a tubular member formed of a steel sheet with a tensile strength of 590 MPa to 1180 MPa, the tubular member including a top portion and a pair of side wall portions continuous from both ends of the top portion via corner portions; a closed cross section space forming wall member formed of a steel sheet with a tensile strength lower than the tubular member, the closed cross section space forming wall member being disposed on an inner surface side of the tubular member and forming a closed cross section space between the closed cross section space forming wall member and at least the corner portion; and a resin provided in the closed cross section space.

A vibration body unit includes: a vibration body; an inner cylinder that surrounds a circumference of the vibration body and that is elastically deformable; an outer cylinder that surrounds a circumference of the inner cylinder and that has an attachment section which is attached to a base part; a plurality of first spacers that are interposed between the vibration body and the inner cylinder and that are arranged to be spaced in a circumferential direction; and a plurality of second spacers that are interposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and that are arranged to be spaced in a circumferential direction, wherein the plurality of first spacers and the plurality of second spacers are arranged such that at least part of each of the plurality of first spacers faces each of the plurality of second spacers in a radial direction across the inner cylinder.

A vibration body unit includes: a vibration body; an inner cylinder that surrounds a circumference of the vibration body and that is elastically deformable; an outer cylinder that surrounds a circumference of the inner cylinder and that has an attachment section which is attached to a base part; a plurality of first spacers that are interposed between the vibration body and the inner cylinder and that are arranged to be spaced in a circumferential direction; and a plurality of second spacers that are interposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and that are arranged to be spaced in a circumferential direction, wherein the plurality of first spacers and the plurality of second spacers are arranged such that at least part of each of the plurality of first spacers faces each of the plurality of second spacers in a radial direction across the inner cylinder.

A metal shock absorption element having a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet. The first metal sheet is shaped in the form of a longitudinally open metal profile and has a substantially “C”-shaped cross-section. The second metal sheet is shaped in the form of a longitudinally open metal profile and has a substantially “C”-shaped cross section. The second metal sheet is inserted in a first longitudinal channel of the first metal sheet. The second metal sheet is made integral in one single piece with the first metal sheet in a collection of points to create a metal honeycomb structure having a closed cross-section and metal channels.