A system for transforming rotating motion into linear motion may include an output gear and an output link coupled to the output gear. A shared link may be coupled to the output link and coupled to a rod. An arm may be coupled to the shared link and to a rotating drive. An idle gear may be coupled to the output gear and to a stationary gear. Once rotation has started with the rotating drive, the output gear and idle gear may rotate around the stationary gear while the output link pivots and translates through space with the output gear. The shared link may drive the rod in a linear direction while receiving stabilizing supporting forces from the output link. The intermediate link may be coupled to the output link with a pin. The pin may also couple the intermediate link to the arm.

An apparatus that functions as a linear bearing for supporting a reciprocating structure that reciprocates along a linear path includes a first body including a pinion gear with a first diameter and a first number of teeth for engagement with a second number of teeth that is twice the first number and on an interior ring gear of a second body. The interior ring gear is disposed within an interior cavity. The first body also includes a support member connected to the pinion gear with a crank, the support member being aligned with a point at the periphery of the pinion gear so that it will, upon rotation of the pinion gear while engaged with the ring gear, cyclically reciprocate along a linear path. The apparatus can be used to support reciprocating structures such as, for example, a reciprocating conveyor.

A rotary to linear actuator, comprises a drive crankarm that rotates in a first axis of rotation; a first and second gearset connected to the drive crankarm through a second crankarm; and a piston captured between the first gearset and the second gear set, wherein the first and second gearsets rotate a crankarm connected to one end of the piston, wherein the piston is caused to move linearly upon rotation of the crankarm.

A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

A housing including an internal gear having a first central axis as a center; a first rotating body relatively rotatably joined to the housing ; a second rotating body including an external gear having a second central axis parallel to the first central axis as a center and meshing with an internal gear and relatively rotatably joined to the first rotating body; a ram shaft joining part connected to the second rotating body and configured to be linearly moved in a reciprocating manner in a prescribed direction; and an air supply path passing through the insides of the first rotating body, the second rotating body, and the ram shaft joining part are provided.

A reciprocating linear motion mechanism for a can body maker includes: a housing including an internal gear; a first rotation body; a first bearing connecting the housing and the first rotation body; a convex part protruding toward one side of an axis direction in the axis direction; a second rotation body including an external gear meshing with the internal gear; a recess recessed toward onside in the axis direction from a surface facing the other side of the second rotation body in the axis direction and into which the convex part is inserted; a second bearing connecting the convex part and the recess; and a ram shaft connection part connected to the second rotation body and moved linearly in a reciprocating manner, wherein the internal gear, the external gear, the recess, the second bearing, and the convex part overlap each other.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

A rotary to linear actuator, comprises a drive crankarm that rotates in a first axis of rotation; a first and second gearset connected to the drive crankarm through a second crankarm; and a piston captured between the first gearset and the second gear set, wherein the first and second gearsets rotate a crankarm connected to one end of the piston, wherein the piston is caused to move linearly upon rotation of the crankarm.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.