A drive unit includes: a pedal crankshaft to which a pedal stepping force of a rider is applied; an electric motor that detects a torque input to the pedal crankshaft and generates a drive force; and a transmission that changes shift of the drive force of the electric motor and delivers the drive force to the pedal crankshaft, the transmission includes a main shaft that supports a plurality of drive gears and a counter shaft that supports a plurality of driven gears that engage with the plurality of respective drive gears, and the transmission selects one torque delivery gear among the plurality of drive gears, delivers the drive force of the electric motor to the counter shaft, and shifts the torque delivery gear without inverting a rotational direction of the drive gear.

A self-shifting bicycle that shifts intelligently as a function of power output. The bicycle uses a computer control system mounted to the handlebar, a power meter attached to the front gearwheel, and an actuator module for adjusting the transmission. The computer control system software changes output gear ratio in accordance with load encountered as the cyclist rides. This allows the rider to set a preferred power output and to maintain that preferred power output very closely.

A drive unit includes: a pedal crankshaft to which a pedal stepping force of a rider is applied; an electric motor that detects a torque input to the pedal crankshaft and generates a drive force; and a transmission that changes shift of the drive force of the electric motor and delivers the drive force to the pedal crankshaft, the transmission includes a main shaft that supports a plurality of drive gears and a counter shaft that supports a plurality of driven gears that engage with the plurality of respective drive gears, and the transmission selects one torque delivery gear among the plurality of drive gears, delivers the drive force of the electric motor to the counter shaft, and shifts the torque delivery gear without inverting a rotational direction of the drive gear.

A self-shifting bicycle that shifts intelligently as a function of power output. The bicycle uses a computer control system mounted to the handlebar, a power meter attached to the front gearwheel, and an actuator module for adjusting the transmission. The computer control system software changes output gear ratio in accordance with load encountered as the cyclist rides. This allows the rider to set a preferred power output and to maintain that preferred power output very closely.

Provided herein is a vehicle including: an electric axle powertrain including: a continuously variable electric drivetrain comprising a motor/generator and a ball-type continuously variable planetary (CVP), a drive wheel axle operably coupled to the continuously variable electric drivetrain, and a first wheel and a second wheel coupled to the drive wheel axle; and a controller configured to control a CVP speed ratio and determine a request for torque vectoring, wherein the controller commands a change in the CVP speed ratio based on the request for torque vectoring,

A control system to control the operating conditions of a Continuous Variable Transmission configured to receive signals and execute commands based at least in part on a driver's torque or load request. The control system includes a ratio controller incorporating binary logarithmic processes applied to a commanded CVP ratio and an actual CVP ratio. The binary logarithmic processes provide linearized signals to a PID controller to thereby provide a commanded CVP ratio to form a commanded CVP shift actuator position.

A system for monitoring torque input into a transmission from a torque source comprising a torque sensing device and a control mechanism. The torque sensing device adapted to transfer torque from the torque source to the transmission input while measuring said torque. The control mechanism may be adapted to control the transmission in order to prevent damage from a high torque situation.