A fuel line assembly for an aircraft comprises a ferrule assembly comprising a ferrule affixed to an isolation tube, which may be directly affixed to a fuel tube or affixed to an extension tube, which in turn, is affixed to the fuel tube. The ferrule assembly provides electrostatic discharge protection and lightning protection as the isolation tube maintains a separation distance from the ferrule and fuel tube, both of which are made from metal. The isolation tube is made from a dielectric material, but which may have conductive particles added to aid in the dissipation of an electrostatic charge. The electrical resistance through the isolation tube has a lower limit to arrest the flow of the induced lightning current through the assembly. The amount of lightning protection afforded can be configured. The ferrule assembly components may be affixed by using thermo-welding, adhesive, or mechanical pressure.

An electric resistance welded steel pipe for a torsion beam, in which a chemical composition of a base metal portion contains, in terms of % by mass, 0.05 to 0.30% of C, 0.03 to 1.20% of Si, 0.30 to 2.50% of Mn, 0.010 to 0.200% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.500% of Al, 0.010 to 0.040% of Nb, and 0.0005 to 0.0050 % of B, the balance containing Fe and impurities, wherein: V.sub.c90, defined by the following Formula (i), is from 2 to 150, a mass ratio Ti/N is 3.4 or more, a microstructure of a wall thickness central portion in an L cross section at a base metal 1800 position is a tempered martensite, an average aspect ratio of prior γ grains in the tempered martensite is 2.0 or less, and a tensile strength in the pipe axis direction is from 750 to 980 MPa:
log V.sub.c90=2.94−0.75βa  Formula (i)
βa=2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+2Mo  Formula (ii).

An electric resistance welded steel pipe for a torsion beam, in which a chemical composition of a base metal portion contains, in terms of % by mass, 0.05 to 0.30% of C, 0.03 to 1.20% of Si, 0.30 to 2.50% of Mn, 0.010 to 0.200% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.500% of Al, 0.010 to 0.040% of Nb, and 0.0005 to 0.005(W % of B, the balance containing Fe and impurities, wherein: V.sub.c90, defined by the following Formula (i), is from 2 to 150, a mass ratio Ti/N is 3.4 or more, a microstructure of a wall thickness central portion in an L cross section at a base metal 1800 position is a tempered martensite, an average aspect ratio of prior γ grains in the tempered martensite is 2.0 or less, and a tensile strength in the pipe axis direction is from 750 to 980 MPa:

log V.sub.c90=2.94−0.75βa  Formula (i)

βa=2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+2Mo  Formula (ii).

A method of attaching a casted metal part and a metal hose line includes: providing a cast metal part having a cylindrical portion; providing a metal hose line; heating the metal hose line to a temperature of between 500 and 900 degrees Fahrenheit; positioning the inner diameter of the metal hose line over the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion; allowing the metal hose line to cool to reduce the gap between the inner diameter of the metal hose line and the outer diameter of the cast metal part; and forming a first weld along an outer circumference of the metal hose line, wherein the width of the first weld at the connection between the hose line and cast metal part is 50% or less than the metal hose wall thickness.

A method of manufacturing a tube, and a tube, the method comprising the steps of: coupling in position a first tube body and a second tube body by inserting a first insert portion of a connecting pin into an end portion of a first hole of the first tube body and inserting a second insert portion into an end portion of a first hole of the second tube body; welding all around an outer circumferential portion of the coupled portion of the first tube body and the second tube body and all around an inner circumferential portion of the first holes in which the connecting pin is inserted; and removing the connecting pin remaining inside the first hole of the first tube body and the first hole of the second tube body.

A method of manufacturing a tube, and a tube, the method comprising the steps of: coupling in position a first tube body and a second tube body by inserting a first insert portion of a connecting pin into an end portion of a first hole of the first tube body and inserting a second insert portion into an end portion of a first hole of the second tube body; welding all around an outer circumferential portion of the coupled portion of the first tube body and the second tube body and all around an inner circumferential portion of the first holes in which the connecting pin is inserted; and removing the connecting pin remaining inside the first hole of the first tube body and the first hole of the second tube body.

A method of manufacturing a tube, and a tube, the method comprising the steps of: coupling in position a first tube body and a second tube body by inserting a first insert portion of a connecting pin into an end portion of a first hole of the first tube body and inserting a second insert portion into an end portion of a first hole of the second tube body; welding all around an outer circumferential portion of the coupled portion of the first tube body and the second tube body and all around an inner circumferential portion of the first holes in which the connecting pin is inserted; and removing the connecting pin remaining inside the first hole of the first tube body and the first hole of the second tube body.

A fitting for use in fusion welding mating thermoplastic components includes a weld bead chamber to capture and conceal a bead formed as a result of the fusion weld. The weld bead chamber integrates the bead into the fitting so that the joined parts have a finished look without mechanical polishing or grinding of the completed piece. A stop ledge included in the weld bead chamber prevents over insertion of a pipe or other component into the fitting. A view window in the fitting permits inspection of the finished bead.

A novel copper and steel composite pipe, a manufacturing method, application and a welded structure body is described herein. The novel copper and steel composite pipe includes a copper pipe and a steel pipe. The steel pipe includes a first end, a second end and a middle part. The copper pipe includes a first end and a second end. The length of the copper pipe is less than that of the steel pipe. The copper pipe and the steel pipe are sleeved. The distance from an end surface of the first end of the copper pipe to an end surface of the first end of the steel pipe is less than 10 mm. The second end of the copper pipe is positioned at the middle part of the steel pipe, and the copper pipe and the steel pipe are welded and connected in a way of melting base materials.

An exhaust component assembly includes a first pipe that defines a center axis and has a first end, and a second pipe that has a second end inserted into the first end of the first pipe such that an outer surface of the second end is in contact with an inner surface of the first end. At least one axial weld connects the first and second ends together.