A portable vaporizer for heating a liquid-phase fuel. The vaporizer comprising a reservoir having a least one wall for containing a heat-conducting fluid within the reservoir. A heating tube extending into the reservoir such that the heating tube is in fluid contact with the heat-conducting fluid. The heating core has and inlet through which the liquid-phase fuel will flow and an outlet through which the vaporized liquid-phase fuel will flow. A heating core comprising an electric heating element placed within the reservoir to heat the heat-conducting fluid and vaporize the liquid-phase fuel passing through the heating tube.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for refilling fluid containers. A fluid container may include a bottle and a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include two valves and be configured to engage with the bottle and a filling head or dispensing head. A system is configured to provide pressurized fluid to the refillable container, monitor filling, determine when to stop filling, and determine how much fluid was provided. The valve assembly may include a float mechanism coupled to one of the valves of the valve assembly to ensure fluid flow is stopped when the fluid container is full. The fluid, which can include carbon dioxide, is stored in a storage tank. A flow system provides the fluid to a filling head, which engages with the fluid container. The flow system includes a transfer pump, valves, and sensors configured to provide the fluid to the filling head.

A hydrogen storage device (100A) comprises: a pressure vessel (230A), having a first fluid inlet (210A) and/or a first fluid outlet (220A), having therein a thermally conducting network (240A) optionally thermally coupled to a first heater and/or a first cooler; wherein the pressure vessel (230A) is arranged to receive therein a hydrogen storage material in thermal contact, at least in part, with the thermally conducting network (240A); wherein the thermally conducting network (240A) preferably has a lattice geometry, a gyroidal geometry and/or a fractal geometry in two and/or three dimensions, comprising a plurality of nodes, having thermally conducting arms therebetween, with voids between the arms; and wherein the thermally conducting network (240A) comprises fluidically interconnected passageways therein, for example within the arms and/or the nodes thereof, for flow therethough of a fluid.

A vaporizer for vaporizing a liquefied gas includes a first heat exchanger block having first and second linear conduits extending therethrough, a second heat exchanger block having first and second linear conduits extending therethrough, one or more heaters located between the first and second heat exchanger blocks, and an inlet capacity control valve. The heat exchanger blocks may be fabricated by extruding aluminum. The heaters may be independently powered. At least a portion of the inlet capacity control valve may be located within one of the conduits.

A cryogenic energy storage system comprises at least one cryogenic fluid storage tank having an output; a primary conduit through which a stream of cryogenic fluid may flow from the output of the fluid storage tank to an exhaust; a pump within the primary conduit downstream of the output of the tank for pressurising the cryogenic fluid stream; evaporative means within the primary conduit downstream of the pump for vaporising the pressurised cryogenic fluid stream; at least one expansion stage within the primary conduit downstream of the evaporative means for expanding the vaporised cryogenic fluid stream and for extracting work therefrom; a secondary conduit configured to divert at least a portion of the cryogenic fluid stream from the primary conduit and reintroduce it to the fluid storage tank; and pressure control means within the secondary conduit for controlling the flow of the diverted cryogenic fluid stream and thereby controlling the pressure within the tank. The secondary conduit is coupled to the primary conduit downstream of one or more of the at least one expansion stages.

A heat exchanger, including a heat exchanger tube for guiding a first medium in its interior, and also at least one connection for a second medium, wherein the region around the heat exchanger tube is provided by an open-pored, in particular solid, material, preferably a body of such a material, into which the second medium in particular can enter.

A hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen fueled aircraft. The tank has a wall made of layers of aerogel sections around a hard shell layer, sealed within a flexible outer layer, and having the air removed to form a vacuum. The periphery of each layer section abuts other sections of that layer, but only overlies the periphery of the sections of other layers at individual points. The wall is characterized by a thermal conductivity that is lower near its gravitational top than its gravitational bottom. The tank has two exit passageways, one being direct, and the other passing through a vapor shield that extends through the wall between two layers of aerogel. A control system controls the relative flow through the two passages to regulate the boil-off rate of the tank.

In a system and a method for pressure management while extracting a liquid from a liquid storage vessel, a liquid and its vapor are provided in liquid storage vessel. The liquid is extracted by a pump from the storage vessel and fed as a liquid flow to a consumer unit. A defined partial flow is separated from the liquid flow downstream of the pump. The pressure of the partial flow is reduced by a pressure regulation means and the partial flow is evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporated partial flow is fed back into the storage vessel.

A multi-stage gas compression, storage and distribution system utilizing a hydrocarbon gas from a municipal gaseous supply line in a manner that does not affect an operational integrity of said municipal gaseous supply line includes an inlet line fluidly in fluid communication with a supply of hydrocarbon gas at a first pressure, a first compression unit configured to compress the hydrocarbon gas from the inlet line to a second pressure, a first storage vessel configured to receive the hydrocarbon gas from the first compression unit for storage at the second pressure, a second compression unit configured to compress the hydrocarbon gas from the first storage vessel to a third pressure, and a second storage vessel configured to receive the hydrocarbon gas from the second compression unit for storage at the third pressure.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for refilling fluid containers. A fluid container may include a bottle and a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include two valves and be configured to engage with the bottle and a filling head or dispensing head. A system is configured to provide pressurized fluid to the refillable container, monitor filling, determine when to stop filling, and determine how much fluid was provided. The valve assembly may include a float mechanism coupled to one of the valves of the valve assembly to ensure fluid flow is stopped when the fluid container is full. The fluid, which can include carbon dioxide, is stored in a storage tank. A flow system provides the fluid to a filling head, which engages with the fluid container. The flow system includes a transfer pump, valves, and sensors configured to provide the fluid to the filling head.