A simulated flame mechanism includes two or more projection surfaces and one or more flicker effects transmitting light onto the two or more projection surfaces. The projection surfaces are spaced apart and oriented relative to each other by one or more of (i) different elevations, (ii) different angular orientations in a horizontal plane, and (iii) different orientations in a vertical plane. The flicker elements generate an image of a simulated flame on the projection surfaces. The spacing and orientation of the two or more projection surfaces relative to each other creates a three-dimensional flame appearance when light from the one or more flicker effects is transmitted thereto.

An optical system including a lighting component and a switchable diffuser in optical communication with the lighting component. The optical system may further include a low absorbing optical component. At least one outer surface of the switchable diffuser and/or the low absorbing optical component includes light redirecting structures. When the switchable diffuser is in a first state and the optical system produces a light output, the light redirecting structures are configured to increase the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the light output of the optical system in at least one direction by at least 5 degrees relative to that of an otherwise equivalent optical system that does not include the light redirecting structures.

Apparatus and methods for deployment of fixtures. The apparatus may include a system for controlling deployed fixtures. The system may receive user commands different devices in different formats. The fixtures may be independently addressable. The fixtures may be magnetically supported by a fixture support. A brace may join two or more fixture supports without reducing space available to support fixtures. The brace may join a fixture support to a fixture support accessory. An accessory may include a variable-angle junction. The fixture may include articulating joints for controlling the direction of a beam. The fixture may include a lens having an electrically controllable beam spread angle. The fixture may be stowable in the fixture support. The fixture may be slidable along a cord to adjust a height of the fixture. The fixture may include an extendable ring. The system may coordinate motions of the fixtures to follow a target. The fixture may include an elongated board. The elongated board may include a non-polar power socket.

A display device (30) comprises a reflective display (38) arranged to render a first image viewable through a viewing surface and a projection means (31-37) arranged to render a second image viewable in reflection on the viewing surface, the reflective display (38) and the projection means (31-37) being mounted on a common frame.

An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (3, 5); and an electrochromic layer (7) disposed between the pair of electrodes (3, 5), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer (7) contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Lighting unit that can be mounted to a vehicle for illuminating work or emergency areas at night. The lighting unit includes a mechanically controllable driver for selecting a position of a central optical axis of the light emitter and an electronically adjustable refractive element for modulating a beam spread configuration generated by the lighting unit.

An electrically controllable light distribution pattern lighting fixture technology is disclosed. This technology consists of an LED light emitting source, a light scattering/defusing liquid crystal device and its electrical driving controller. This technology enables uniform scattered/defusing emitted light pattern from LED light sources and dimming without sacrificing LED light emission coloration, hue and other characteristics.

The purpose of the present invention is to realize a lighting device of thin, low power consumption and small light distribution angle. The present invention takes the following structure to realize the above task:

A lighting device having an emitting surface and a bottom opposing to the emitting surface including: a resin, set between the emitting surface and the bottom, having a hole at a center, a reflection block set in the hole at a side of the emitting surface, an LED, which is a light source, set in the hole at a side of the bottom, a space between the LED and the reflection block, in which the resin is contained in a container whose inner surface is a reflecting surface.

An optical system including a lighting component and a switchable diffuser in optical communication with the lighting component. The optical system may further include a low absorbing optical component. At least one outer surface of the switchable diffuser and/or the low absorbing optical component includes light redirecting structures. When the switchable diffuser is in a first state and the optical system produces a light output, the light redirecting structures are configured to increase the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the light output of the optical system in at least one direction by at least 5 degrees relative to that of an otherwise equivalent optical system that does not include the light redirecting structures.

Liquid crystal (LC) beam control devices using a dispersion shaped (DS) half wave plate (HWP), with specific physical characteristics, allows the broadened beam to maintain significantly better the color cohesion. Beneficial aspects of using a HWP with an appropriate thickness and birefringence index which makes it inefficient in the blue wavelength spectrum, therefore reducing the blue photon depletion in the center of the broadened beam is described herein. Combinations of an homeotropic LC cell and DS HWP structures for reduced color separation, faster relaxation time and reduced ground state scattering is further described herein.