A lighting apparatus for a vehicle may include: a housing installed inside the front of a vehicle and formed one side thereof with an opening, a plurality of light emitting units installed inside the housing and configured to emit light toward the opening, and a plurality of flap units rotatably installed in the housing, disposed to face the plurality of light emitting units, and configured to open or close the opening.

A vehicle headlight has a segmented light guide device in which segments are selectively controlled to operate in an output state that reduces glare to oncoming vehicle drivers. Vehicle sensors and controller circuitry are used to identify areas of glare removal in the light pattern of the headlight and control the corresponding segments in the light guide device to operate in a selected light output state that reduces glare. The segments can be operated in a focused output state for vehicle driver visibility, or in a scattered output state to reduce glare. The segments can be operated in a clear or transparent output state for vehicle driver visibility, or in a reflected output state to reduce glare. Reflected light can optionally be re-directed. The light guide device can employ bi-stable liquid crystal shuttering or liquid crystal switchable mirror technology.

Disclosed is a condenser and a high-and-low-beam integrated vehicle lamp module, the condenser comprises at least one light incident portion, a light-transmitting portion, and a light emergent portion, wherein a 50L dark area light shape forming structure is formed on the light-transmitting portion; the 50L dark area light shape forming structure protrudes from a surface of the light-transmitting portion and has a slope surface; and the distance from the slope surface to the surface of the light-transmitting portion gradually increases from a position close to the light incident portion to the light emergent portion. Since the 50L dark area light shape forming structure protrudes out of the surface of the light-transmitting portion and has the slope surface, in a high-beam illumination mode, some light is emitted from the 50L dark area light shape forming structure to a 50L test point.

A vehicle lamp includes: a plurality of reflectors including a first reflector; and a plurality of light sources provided in the plurality of reflectors in a mode in which at least one of the plurality of light sources is provided in each of the plurality of reflectors, where the plurality of light sources include two or more first light sources provided in the first reflector, a light distribution pattern of light emitted from the plurality of light sources through the plurality of reflectors includes a first pattern in which a width in a vertical direction decreases toward a vehicle outer side, one of the two or more first light sources is disposed at a focal point of the first reflector, and the other of the two or more first light sources is disposed on a vehicle inner side with respect to the focal point of the first reflector.

A liquid crystal element is obtained having a plurality of alignment domains with a simple configuration. A manufacturing method of the liquid crystal element includes first through fourth processes. In the first process, a first substrate is formed having a first alignment film subjected to uniaxial alignment treatment. In the second process, forms a second substrate is formed having a second alignment film subjected to uniaxial alignment treatment. In the third process, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film using a liquid crystal material including a monomer which can be polymerized by light irradiation. In the fourth process, light is irradiated on, from among a first region and a second region adjacent to each other in the liquid crystal layer in a plan view, the first region with no voltage applied or with a voltage less than a threshold value applied to the first region.