A steam generator for a fuel cell system having a heat exchanger (34) with at least one internal heat exchange surface, a water inflow pipe (46), a dripper head (52) with a flow passageway fluidly connected to the water inflow pipe (46). The dripper head (52) extends inside the heat exchanger (52) above the heat exchange surface for feeding water down onto the heat exchange surface for conversion into steam. The dripper head (52) has outlet holes (56) spaced along the flow passageway and between adjacent outlet (holes 56) the dripper head has a stepped profile on at least its underside to prevent droplets from adjacent holes coalescing. A fuel inflow pipe can have a section mounted coaxially to a part of the water inflow pipe (46). The fuel inflow pipe's section can surround the water inflow pipe's part. In a fuel cell system with a steam generator, the steam generator can include the fuel inflow pipe and a combined steam and fuel outlet and a reformer directly or indirectly connected downstream of the steam generator.

The present invention relates to an evaporator of a working fluid for an OTEC plant, comprising an evaporator body, a bundle of evaporators extending along the central axis, subject to a pressure drop along this axis and suitable for evaporating the working fluid according to an evaporation profile defined based on this pressure drop and a spraying system comprising a working fluid supply network and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged on the supply network and able to spray the working fluid.

All of the spray nozzles have substantially the same spray rate and the arrangements of the spray nozzles in relation to the bundle of evaporators are chosen so as to ensure a predetermined spray profile along the central axis in accordance with the evaporation profile.

The present invention relates to an evaporator of a working fluid for an OTEC plant, comprising an evaporator body, a bundle of evaporators extending along the central axis, subject to a pressure drop along this axis and suitable for evaporating the working fluid according to an evaporation profile defined based on this pressure drop and a spraying system comprising a working fluid supply network and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged on the supply network and able to spray the working fluid.

All of the spray nozzles have substantially the same spray rate and the arrangements of the spray nozzles in relation to the bundle of evaporators are chosen so as to ensure a predetermined spray profile along the central axis in accordance with the evaporation profile.

A spraying and re-heating vapor reactor includes: a heat preservation boiler; a vapor reaction boiler disposed in the heat preservation boiler; a re-heating conduit communicating the vapor reaction boiler with a device outside the heat preservation boiler, a high heat capacity material being accommodated within the heat preservation boiler, and surrounding the vapor reaction boiler and the re-heating conduit; a heater heating the high heat capacity material; a sprayer disposed in the vapor reaction boiler; and a liquid supplying tube communicating with the sprayer through structure walls of the heat preservation boiler and the vapor reaction boiler, and supplying an external liquid to the sprayer. The sprayer atomizes the external liquid into an atomized liquid absorbing thermal energy from the high heat capacity material and becomes a low-temperature vapor entering the re-heating conduit and being re-heated into a high-temperature vapor. A generator apparatus is also provided.

A spraying and re-heating vapor reactor includes: a heat preservation boiler; a vapor reaction boiler disposed in the heat preservation boiler; a re-heating conduit communicating the vapor reaction boiler with a device outside the heat preservation boiler, a high heat capacity material being accommodated within the heat preservation boiler, and surrounding the vapor reaction boiler and the re-heating conduit; a heater heating the high heat capacity material; a sprayer disposed in the vapor reaction boiler; and a liquid supplying tube communicating with the sprayer through structure walls of the heat preservation boiler and the vapor reaction boiler, and supplying an external liquid to the sprayer. The sprayer atomizes the external liquid into an atomized liquid absorbing thermal energy from the high heat capacity material and becomes a low-temperature vapor entering the re-heating conduit and being re-heated into a high-temperature vapor. A generator apparatus is also provided.

The disclosed apparatus and control system produces a single, on demand, energetic gaseous working fluid from any heat source. Working fluid in a liquid phase is released into a heat exchange tube in the form of very fine droplets or atomized mist, where it is rapidly heated to its gaseous phase. The gaseous working fluid can continue to absorb heat before exiting the heat exchange tube to perform work. The disclosed system controls the release of working fluid into the heat exchange tube and/or the heat energy to which the tube is exposed, resulting in a flow of energetic gaseous working fluid that can be quickly adjusted in response to changing conditions without a large pressure vessel.

The invention relates to a generator which is generally used in the textile field and integrated into the steaming machines (chambers) enabling the dying material of the pattern-printed or plain-dyed fabrics dyed with the various dyes to be bound on the fabric such as not to be removed again, which enables the dyed fabrics to be kept in the saturated steam, superheated steam or hot air conditions for a certain period of time, and which is capable of forming each of these three phases.

The invention relates to a generator which is generally used in the textile field and integrated into the steaming machines (chambers) enabling the dying material of the pattern-printed or plain-dyed fabrics dyed with the various dyes to be bound on the fabric such as not to be removed again, which enables the dyed fabrics to be kept in the saturated steam, superheated steam or hot air conditions for a certain period of time, and which is capable of forming each of these three phases.

A process and a device are described for producing high purity and high temperature steam from non-pure water which may be used in a variety of industrial processes that involve high temperature heat applications. The process and device may be used with technologies that generate steam using a variety of heat sources, such as, for example industrial furnaces, petrochemical plants, and emissions from incinerators. Of particular interest is the application in a thermochemical hydrogen production cycle such as the Cu—Cl Cycle. Non-pure water is used as the feed-stock in the thermochemical hydrogen production cycle, with no need to adopt additional and conventional water pre-treatment and purification processes. The non-pure water may be selected from brackish water, saline water, seawater, used water, effluent treated water, tailings water, and other forms of water that is generally believed to be unusable as a direct feed-stock of industrial processes. The direct usage of this water can significantly reduce water supply costs.

A water delivery apparatus (100) for use at a household appliance is provided. The water apparatus comprises an air-tight water storage unit (110) configured to store water, an air channel (120) configured to allow air to enter the water storage unit at a predetermined height level so as to regulate the water pressure in the water storage unit, and a water delivery tube (130) connected to a component of the household appliance at which water is utilized for performing a function of the household appliance.