A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has one or more bubbling fluidized bed enclosures containing heating surfaces and located within a lower portion of the CFB boiler to provide an in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX). Solids in the bubbling fluidized bed are maintained in a slow bubbling fluidized bed state by separately controlled fluidization gas supplies. The beds feature open bottom distribution grids with hoppers disposed below to collect solids. The enclosure defining the IBHX is supported from structures below the grids and the enclosure can be supported from the hoppers.

The present invention describes a device for controlling cooling of a heat transfer solid supplying or withdrawing heat to or from a unit carrying out globally endothermic or exothermic reactions respectively. The exchange bundle of said device is in a triangular pattern.

A method for using untreated produced water to generate steam and simultaneously producing diluents is disclosed. The method includes a combustion process for generating steam for hydrocarbon recovery using untreated water and, an optional process for recovering combustion byproducts to assist in hydrocarbon recovery or solvent injections. Specifically, a novel combustion method and a double-tube heat exchanger are used to generate steam while minimizing or eliminating water treatment steps and boiler fouling. Low value pitch, also known as asphalt, is used for combustion fuel. In addition to the steam generation, byproducts of the combustion process can be utilized in solvent injections or as a diluent.

A wall (200) for a fluidized bed boiler (300). The wall (200) comprises a first heat exchanger pipe (110) comprising a first primary portion (111) and a first secondary portion (112), and a second heat exchanger pipe (120) comprising a second primary portion (121) and a second secondary portion (122). A first gap (221) is arranged between the first secondary portion (112) and the second secondary portion (122), and at least a part of the first secondary portion (112) and at least a part of the second secondary portion (122) extend straight, in parallel, and within an imaginable plane (P). The wall (200) is configured such that particulate material is able to propagate through the first gap (221) from a first side (S1) of the plane (P) to the opposite second side (S2) of the plane (P). The wall (200) comprises a refractory (230) arranged on at least one side of a part of the first secondary portion (112) and a part of the second secondary portion (122). A fluidized bed boiler comprising the wall (200).

The present invention describes a device for controlling cooling of a heat transfer solid supplying or withdrawing heat to or from a unit carrying out globally endothermic or exothermic reactions respectively. The exchange bundle of said device is in a triangular pattern.

A heat transfer element comprising an inlet, an outlet, vertical heat exchanger tubes, a lower collector and an upper distributor. A vertical riser pipe is arranged between the inlet and the upper distributor. This minimizes thermal stress in the heat exchanger element in the application.

A reactor system includes a fluidized-bed. A fuel and a sulfur absorbent material are eluted through the fluidized-bed. The reactor system may include a heat exchanger having a heat-exchanging portion within a heating zone of the reactor that is hermetically sealed from the heating zone. The reactor may include loose particles of an inert bed material for forming the fluidized-bed. A feed system may be provided to inject a solid fuel composite that includes a mixture of a solid, carbonaceous fuel and a solid reagent into the reactor.

A reactor system includes a fluidized-bed. A fuel and a sulfur absorbent material are eluted through the fluidized-bed. The reactor system may include a heat exchanger having a heat-exchanging portion within a heating zone of the reactor that is hermetically sealed from the heating zone. The reactor may include loose particles of an inert bed material for forming the fluidized-bed. A feed system may be provided to inject a solid fuel composite that includes a mixture of a solid, carbonaceous fuel and a solid reagent into the reactor.