A method for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator in a waste-heat steam generator, wherein feed water is fed to the forced-flow steam generator as working fluid, and there flows firstly through a feed-water preheater and then through an evaporator and is at least partly evaporated, wherein the partly evaporated working fluid is fed to a water separation system, in which non-evaporated working fluid is separated from evaporated working fluid and is collected, in which at least part of the non-evaporated working fluid is fed geodetically to the evaporator and, beginning from a certain quantity of accumulating non-evaporated working fluid, a remaining part is automatically removed from the water separation system. A corresponding device is for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator according to the method.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of once-through evaporator sections having an upstream distribution valve and a downstream temperature sensor and a position controller in communication with each distribution valve.

The disclosed apparatus and control system produces a single, on demand, energetic gaseous working fluid from any heat source. Working fluid in a liquid phase is released into a heat exchange tube in the form of very fine droplets or atomized mist, where it is rapidly heated to its gaseous phase. The gaseous working fluid can continue to absorb heat before exiting the heat exchange tube to perform work. The disclosed system controls the release of working fluid into the heat exchange tube and/or the heat energy to which the tube is exposed, resulting in a flow of energetic gaseous working fluid that can be quickly adjusted in response to changing conditions without a large pressure vessel.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of once-through evaporator sections with a distribution valve and a level sensor and a controller in communication with each distribution valve. The controller provides the distribution valve with a position set point and biases the position set point via a feedforward signal based on a fill level as determined by the level sensor in each of the once-through evaporator sections.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of enlarged once-through evaporator sections, a first superheater positioned immediately downstream of the enlarged once-through evaporator sections, a second superheater positioned downstream of the first superheater, and an attemperator positioned between the first superheater and the second superheater.

A method for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator in a waste-heat steam generator, wherein feed water is fed to the forced-flow steam generator as working fluid, and there flows firstly through a feed-water preheater and then through an evaporator and is at least partly evaporated, wherein the partly evaporated working fluid is fed to a water separation system, in which non-evaporated working fluid is separated from evaporated working fluid and is collected, in which at least part of the non-evaporated working fluid is fed geodetically to the evaporator and, beginning from a certain quantity of accumulating non-evaporated working fluid, a remaining part is automatically removed from the water separation system. A corresponding device is for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator according to the method.

The disclosed apparatus and control system produces a single, on demand, energetic gaseous working fluid from any heat source. Working fluid in a liquid phase is released into a heat exchange tube in the form of very fine droplets or atomized mist, where it is rapidly heated to its gaseous phase. The gaseous working fluid can continue to absorb heat before exiting the heat exchange tube to perform work. The disclosed system controls the release of working fluid into the heat exchange tube and/or the heat energy to which the tube is exposed, resulting in a flow of energetic gaseous working fluid that can be quickly adjusted in response to changing conditions without a large pressure vessel.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of once-through evaporator sections with a distribution valve and a level sensor and a controller in communication with each distribution valve. The controller provides the distribution valve with a position set point and biases the position set point via a feedforward signal based on a fill level as determined by the level sensor in each of the once-through evaporator sections.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of once-through evaporator sections having an upstream distribution valve and a downstream temperature sensor and a position controller in communication with each distribution valve.

The present application provides a once-through evaporator system. The once-through evaporator system may include a number of enlarged once-through evaporator sections, a first superheater positioned immediately downstream of the enlarged once-through evaporator sections, a second superheater positioned downstream of the first superheater, and an attemperator positioned between the first superheater and the second superheater.