There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst and a process for applying the catalyst composition to a substrate. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst composition and methods for heating a heat exchange medium are also provided. Catalytic combustors including a catalytic surface including the catalyst composition are further provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction.

There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst and a process for applying the catalyst composition to a substrate. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst composition and methods for heating a heat exchange medium are also provided. Catalytic combustors including a catalytic surface including the catalyst composition are further provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction.

Described herein are two-stage catalytic heating systems and methods of operating thereof. A system comprises a first-stage catalytic reactor and a second-stage catalytic reactor, configured to operate in sequence and at different operating conditions, For example, the first-stage catalytic reactor is supplied with fuel and oxidant at fuel-rich conditions. The first-stage catalytic reactor generates syngas. The syngas is flown into the second-stage catalytic reactor together with some additional oxidant. The second-stage catalytic reactor operates at fuel-lean conditions and generates exhaust. Splitting the overall fuel oxidation process between the two catalytic reactors allows operating these reactors away from the stoichiometric fuel-oxidant ratio and avoiding excessive temperatures in these reactors. As a result, fewer pollutants are generated during the operation of two-stage catalytic heating systems. For example, the temperatures are maintained below 1.000° C. at all oxidation stages.

Described herein are two-stage catalytic heating systems and methods of operating thereof. A system comprises a first-stage catalytic reactor and a second-stage catalytic reactor, configured to operate in sequence and at different operating conditions, For example, the first-stage catalytic reactor is supplied with fuel and oxidant at fuel-rich conditions. The first-stage catalytic reactor generates syngas. The syngas is flown into the second-stage catalytic reactor together with some additional oxidant. The second-stage catalytic reactor operates at fuel-lean conditions and generates exhaust. Splitting the overall fuel oxidation process between the two catalytic reactors allows operating these reactors away from the stoichiometric fuel-oxidant ratio and avoiding excessive temperatures in these reactors. As a result, fewer pollutants are generated during the operation of two-stage catalytic heating systems. For example, the temperatures are maintained below 1.000° C. at all oxidation stages.

There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction.

There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction.

A catalytic tank heater includes a catalytic heating element supported on an LPG tank by a support structure that holds the element in a position facing the tank. Vapor from the tank is provided as fuel to the heating element, and is regulated to increase heat output as tank pressure drops. The heating element is internally separated into a pilot heater and a main heater, with respective separate fuel inlets. The pilot heater remains in continual operation, but the main heater is operated only while tank pressure is below a threshold. Operation of the pilot heater keeps a portion of the catalyst hot, so that, when tank pressure drops below the threshold, and fuel is supplied to the main heater, catalytic combustion quickly expands from the area surrounding the pilot heater to the remainder of the catalyst.

A catalytic tank heater includes a catalytic heating element supported on an LPG tank by a support structure that holds the element in a position facing the tank. Vapor from the tank is provided as fuel to the heating element, and is regulated to increase heat output as tank pressure drops. The heating element is internally separated into a pilot heater and a main heater, with respective separate fuel inlets. The pilot heater remains in continual operation, but the main heater is operated only while tank pressure is below a threshold. Operation of the pilot heater keeps a portion of the catalyst hot, so that, when tank pressure drops below the threshold, and fuel is supplied to the main heater, catalytic combustion quickly expands from the area surrounding the pilot heater to the remainder of the catalyst.

A control method of a combustion system for controlling combustion of fuel within a combustor, the combustion system including the combustor having a catalyst for promoting the combustion and a first heater arranged so as to be able to supply heat to the catalyst, including: supplying the fuel and oxidizing gas to the combustor along with providing the heat to the catalyst by the first heater; and deactivating the first heater at a prescribed timing and increasing a flow rate of the fuel greater than that have been set before deactivating the first heater, wherein the prescribed timing is determined as a timing at which a generated heat of the fuel prior to deactivation of the first heater becomes equal to or greater than a heat required for raising a temperature of the fuel having the flow rate after increased up to a light-off temperature of the catalyst.

A control method of a combustion system for controlling combustion of fuel within a combustor, the combustion system including the combustor having a catalyst for promoting the combustion and a first heater arranged so as to be able to supply heat to the catalyst, including: supplying the fuel and oxidizing gas to the combustor along with providing the heat to the catalyst by the first heater; and deactivating the first heater at a prescribed timing and increasing a flow rate of the fuel greater than that have been set before deactivating the first heater, wherein the prescribed timing is determined as a timing at which a generated heat of the fuel prior to deactivation of the first heater becomes equal to or greater than a heat required for raising a temperature of the fuel having the flow rate after increased up to a light-off temperature of the catalyst.