Methods, devices and systems for processing of solid materials, particularly fuel material solids such as carbonaceous fuel solids such as of granular form, to provide or result in an even distribution of the solid material. Hoppers are provided with plurality of outlet orifices, each of the outlet orifices adapted to flow therethrough a combination of gas and the solid material to pneumatically convey the solid material to a distribution manifold. The distribution manifold includes a plurality of tubes with each tube having a plurality of exit orifices wherein each exit orifice passes an equal portion of the combination of the gas and the solid material.

The invention relates to a method for starting up a fluidized bed boiler, such as a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) or a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler, for operation with a predetermined concentration of ilmenite particles in the bed material. The invention also relates to a method for pre-oxidizing ilmenite, to pre-oxidized ilmenite and to the use of pre-oxidized ilmenite in a fluidized bed boiler.

The invention relates to a method for starting up a fluidized bed boiler, such as a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) or a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler, for operation with a predetermined concentration of ilmenite particles in the bed material. The invention also relates to a method for pre-oxidizing ilmenite, to pre-oxidized ilmenite and to the use of pre-oxidized ilmenite in a fluidized bed boiler.

The invention relates to a system for recycling fluidized bed boiler bed material, comprising: a. a bottom ash removal device for removing bed material from a fluidized bed boiler, b. a mechanical classifier (10) comprising a mesh size from 200 to 1,000 μm designed to separate a coarse and a fine particle size fraction, c. a magnetic separator (12) designed to magnetically classify the fine particle fraction from the mechanical classifier, d. a device for recirculating the magnetic particle fraction into the boiler. The invention allows effective recirculation and reuse of ilmenite bed material.

The invention relates to a method for starting up a fluidized bed boiler, such as a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) or a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler, for operation with a predetermined concentration of ilmenite particles in the bed material. The invention also relates to a method for pre-oxidizing ilmenite, to pre-oxidized ilmenite and to the use of pre-oxidized ilmenite in a fluidized bed boiler.

The invention relates to a system for recycling fluidized bed boiler bed material, comprising: a. a bottom ash removal device for removing bed material from a fluidized bed boiler, b. a mechanical classifier (10) comprising a mesh size from 200 to 1,000 m designed to separate a coarse and a fme particle size fraction, c. a magnetic separator (12) designed to magnetically classify the fine particle fraction from the mechanical classifier, d. a device for recirculating the magnetic particle fraction into the boiler. The invention allows effective recirculation and reuse of ilmenite bed material.

Methods, devices and systems for processing of solid materials, particularly fuel material solids such as carbonaceous fuel solids such as of granular form, to provide or result in an even distribution of the solid material. Hoppers are provided with plurality of outlet orifices, each of the outlet orifices adapted to flow therethrough a combination of gas and the solid material to pneumatically convey the solid material to a distribution manifold. The distribution manifold includes a plurality of tubes with each tube having a plurality of exit orifices wherein each exit orifice passes an equal portion of the combination of the gas and the solid material.

The invention relates to a method for starting up a fluidized bed boiler, such as a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) or a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler, for operation with a predetermined concentration of ilmenite particles in the bed material. The invention also relates to a method for pre-oxidizing ilmenite, to pre-oxidized ilmenite and to the use of pre-oxidized ilmenite in a fluidized bed boiler.