Described herein are two-stage catalytic heating systems and methods of operating thereof. A system comprises a first-stage catalytic reactor and a second-stage catalytic reactor, configured to operate in sequence and at different operating conditions, For example, the first-stage catalytic reactor is supplied with fuel and oxidant at fuel-rich conditions. The first-stage catalytic reactor generates syngas. The syngas is flown into the second-stage catalytic reactor together with some additional oxidant. The second-stage catalytic reactor operates at fuel-lean conditions and generates exhaust. Splitting the overall fuel oxidation process between the two catalytic reactors allows operating these reactors away from the stoichiometric fuel-oxidant ratio and avoiding excessive temperatures in these reactors. As a result, fewer pollutants are generated during the operation of two-stage catalytic heating systems. For example, the temperatures are maintained below 1.000° C. at all oxidation stages.

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process.

In a thermochemical regenerator wherein gaseous combustion products that are formed by combustion in a furnace are passed from the furnace into and through a first regenerator, the combustion products are combined with gaseous fuel, and the resulting mixture is passed into and through a second regenerator wherein the mixture undergoes an endothermic reaction to form syngas, the thermochemical regeneration is enhanced by injecting fuel gas into a recycle stream comprising the combustion products from the first regenerator to entrain recycled flue gas that passes out of the first regenerator and to impel the mixture into the other regenerator.

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process.

In a gas turbine combustor 3 of the present invention, an air hole plate 20 includes a center air hole group 51 configured from a plurality of air holes 51A and 51B and a plurality of outer circumferential air hole groups 52 configured from a plurality of air holes 52A, 52B, and 52C and formed to surround the center air hole group 51. The gas turbine combustor 3 includes a hole part 601 and a temperature sensor 401 provided on the air hole plate 20 to be located in a region surrounded by two outer circumferential air hole groups 52 adjacent to each other and the center air hole group 51, a supply source 220 of coolant, a cooling pipeline 205 that connects the hole part 601 and the supply source 220, valves 67 and 68 provided in the cooling pipeline 205, and a control system 500 that drives the valves 67 and 68 on the basis of a measured value of the temperature sensor 401.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods that are useful for controlling one or more aspects of a power production plant. More particularly, the disclosure relates to power production plants and methods of carrying out a power production method utilizing different fuel chemistries. Combustion of the different fuel mixtures can be controlled so that a defined set of combustion characteristics remains substantially constant across a range of different fuel chemistries.

A small-scale thermoelectric power generator and combustion apparatus, components thereof, methods for making the same, and applications thereof. The thermoelectric power generator can include a burner including a matrix stabilized combustion chamber comprising a catalytically enhanced, porous flame containment portion. The combustion apparatus can include components connected in a loop configuration including a vaporization chamber; a mixing chamber connected to the vaporization chamber; a combustion chamber connected to the vaporization chamber; and a heat exchanger connected to the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber can include a porous combustion material which can include a unique catalytic material.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream, wherein fuel is combusted with the motive gas stream to provide heat in alternate cycles.

A scroll heating device includes a base, a reaction region, and a first and a second channel. The reaction region is at the center of the base. The two channels are located on the base and extend spirally from the reaction region toward the periphery of the base. The width of each channel is gradually reduced as the channel extends from adjacent to the center of the base toward the periphery of the base. The first channel allows a gas that flows into the first channel through the periphery of the base toward the center of the base to flow toward the reaction region at a progressively slower rate, enter the reaction region slowly through the gradually widening first channel, and therefore stay in the reaction region for longer. The combusted exhaust enters the second channel from adjacent to the center of the base and exits through the periphery of the base.

The invention relates to a process burner for combustion of a plurality of fuel gases with a gaseous auxiliary medium, wherein one of the fuel gases comprises carbon monoxide (CO). The process burner according to the invention includes a first fuel gas unit, a second fuel gas unit and an auxiliary media unit. A first fuel gas which may be natural gas for example is introduced into the process burner via a first fuel gas nozzle in the region of the combustion zone. Carbon monoxide-containing fuel gas is introduced into the process burner via the second fuel gas unit, wherein a second fuel gas nozzle for introducing the carbon monoxide-containing fuel gas is arranged in the region of the auxiliary media unit.