A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine includes a monolithic nozzle body that defines within its interior one or more fuel circuits. Each fuel circuit includes an inlet, an outlet orifice, a main passage fluidly coupling the inlet with the outlet orifice, and a branch passage connected to the main passage. The branch passage connects to the main passage downstream of the inlet and upstream of the outlet orifice to form an effective metering flow area that is smaller than the flow area of the outlet orifice.

A tip burner for a flare comprises a diffuser (7) which is sealingly connected downstream to a shroud (9) comprising a tightly packed bed of granular material (13). The stream of fuel and oxidizer flows to a diffuser where is mixed and tangentially swirled by a swirler (8) located either in the diffuser or in a closed proximity to the diffuser inlet. The mixture flows next to the shroud where the granular material provides a tortious flow path for the stream, restructuring it aerodynamically and reducing its velocity, preferably to sub sonic level. A combustible mixture exits the shroud as multiple of jet, at low velocity and low turbulence. The mixture is ignited by a pilot burner installed above but in close proximity of the shroud, resulting in a stable flame which generates a low noise level.

A tip burner for a flare comprises a diffuser (7) which is sealingly connected downstream to a shroud (9) comprising a tightly packed bed of granular material (13). The stream of fuel and oxidizer flows to a diffuser where is mixed and tangentially swirled by a swirler (8) located either in the diffuser or in a closed proximity to the diffuser inlet. The mixture flows next to the shroud where the granular material provides a tortious flow path for the stream, restructuring it aerodynamically and reducing its velocity, preferably to sub sonic level. A combustible mixture exits the shroud as multiple of jet, at low velocity and low turbulence. The mixture is ignited by a pilot burner installed above but in close proximity of the shroud, resulting in a stable flame which generates a low noise level.

A total primary combustion burner which includes a burner body with an air-fuel mixture chamber into which an air-fuel mixture of a fuel gas and primary air is supplied, a combustion plate portion covering an opening surface, which faces the air-fuel mixture chamber, of the burner body, and a backfire suppressing plate portion disposed opposite the combustion plate portion with a gap inside the air-fuel mixture chamber. The air-fuel mixture passing through the backfire suppressing plate portion ejects from the combustion plate portion and undergoes combustion. The total primary combustion burner is configured so that backfire can be suppressed as much as possible while suppressing pressure loss, even when using hydrogen as the fuel gas. The backfire suppressing plate portion has a sintered sheet obtained by sintering a laminate made by sintering an aggregate of metallic fibers or beads.